Trypanosomes of the Group: Phylogeny and New Potential Vectors.

Trypanosomes belonging to group are mammalian blood parasites with keds and horse fly vectors. Our aim is to study to vector specificity of trypanosomes. During our bloodsucking Diptera survey, we found a surprisingly high prevalence of trypanosomes in mosquitoes (154/4051).

Complete Life Cycle of , an Avian Trypanosome Transmitted by Culicine Mosquitoes.

Avian trypanosomes are cosmopolitan and common protozoan parasites of birds; nevertheless, knowledge of their life cycles and vectors remains incomplete. Mosquitoes have been confirmed as vectors of and suggested as vectors of ; however, transmission has been experimentally confirmed only for the former species. This study aims to confirm the experimental transmission of to birds and its localization in vectors.

Cardiovascular fitness in narcolepsy is inversely related to sleepiness and the number of cataplexy episodes.

Objective: Cardiopulmonary fitness depends on daily energy expenditure or the amount of daily exercise. Patients with narcolepsy spent more time being sleepy or asleep than controls; thus we may speculate that they have a lower quantity and quality of physical activity. The aim of the present study was thus to test the hypothesis that exercise tolerance in narcolepsy negatively depends on sleepiness.

Narcolepsy with cataplexy and Parkinson's disease. Case Report.

We present the case of an 86 year old female, in whom narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC) manifested at 52 years of age. She was treated by an amphetamine-like drug phenmetrazine and tricyclic antidepressants for more than 10 years. Hypokinetic-rigid syndrome manifested at 83 years of age and Parkinson´s disease (PD) was diagnosed.