The Effect of Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields with Low Induction and Red LED Light on Keratinocyte Biological Activity-An In Vitro Research Model.

For several decades, there has been growing interest in the influence of low-frequency magnetic fields (LFMFs) and red LED light on the healing process. Keratinocytes are cells that play a significant role in the process of wound healing and tissue regeneration. A human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) was exposed to an LFMF with low induction (180-195 Hz; 60 µT, magnetostimulation), red LED light (630 nm; 300 mW, LED therapy), and their combined action (magneto-LED therapy) in in vitro culture conditions.

Stressing out-carp edema virus induces stress and modulates immune response in common carp.

Introduction: Carp edema virus (CEV) is a fish poxvirus that primarily infects the gills of common carp. CEV causes koi sleepy disease (KSD), which is highly contagious and can result in mortality of up to 100%.

Methods: In the present study, we analyzed the stress and immune responses during KSD in two strains of common carp with different resistance to CEV: susceptible koi and resistant Amur sazan.

Evolutionarily conserved mechanisms regulating stress-induced neutrophil redistribution in fish.

Introduction: Stress may pose a serious challenge to immune homeostasis. Stress however also may prepare the immune system for challenges such as wounding or infection, which are likely to happen during a fight or flight stress response.

Methods: In common carp ( L.

Season affects the estrogen system and the immune response of common carp.

The physiology of ectothermic animals, including fish, is strictly regulated by season-related external factors such as temperature or photoperiod. The immune response and the production of hormones, such as estrogens, are therefore also subject to seasonal changes. This study in common carp aimed to determine how the season affects the estrogen system and the immune response, including the antibacterial response during Aeromonas salmonicida infection.

MCPIP1 functions as a safeguard of early embryonic development.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1), also called Regnase-1, is an RNase that has been described as a key negative modulator of inflammation. MCPIP1 also controls numerous tumor-related processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. In this study, we utilized a zebrafish model to investigate the role of Mcpip1 during embryogenic development.

Effects of light and circadian clock on the antiviral immune response in zebrafish.

The circadian clock mechanism, which is evolutionarily conserved across various organisms, plays a crucial role in synchronizing physiological responses to external conditions, primarily in response to light availability. By maintaining homeostasis of biological processes and behavior, the circadian clock serves as a key regulator. This biological mechanism also coordinates diurnal oscillations of the immune response during infections.

Changes of the clock gene expression in central and peripheral organs of common carp exposed to constant lighting conditions.

In both mammals and fish, the circadian system is composed of oscillators that function at the cellular, tissue, and system levels and show the cyclic expression of clock genes. The organization and functioning of the biological clock in fish has not yet been characterized in detail, therefore, in the present study, an extensive analysis of the rhythmic expression of the main components of the biological clock in the central and peripheral organs of common carp was performed. The diurnal changes in clock gene expression were determined with respect to the subjective light cycle in fish exposed to constant light or darkness.

Proteomic analysis of carp seminal plasma provides insights into the immune response to bacterial infection of the male reproductive system.

Aeromonas salmonicida is recognized as a significant bacterial pathogen in ulcerative disease of cyprinid fish. However, the mechanism of immunity to these bacteria in common carp is still not well understood, especially the immune regulation in the gonad to bacterial infection. The aims of our study were to analyze changes in the seminal plasma proteome following A.

The importance of CXC-receptors CXCR1-2 and CXCR4 for adaptive regulation of the stress axis in teleost fish.

In an ever-changing environment, an adaptive stress response is the pivotal regulatory mechanism to maintain allostasis. Physiologic responses to stressors enable to overcome potential threat. Glucocorticoid effects can be considered compensatory and adaptive, however prolonged or excessive glucocorticoid secretion can be also maladaptive and detrimental.

Tilapia Lake Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation in Zebrafish: Microglia Activation and Sickness Behavior.

In mammals, the relationship between the immune system and behavior is widely studied. In fish, however, the knowledge concerning the brain immune response and behavioral changes during brain viral infection is very limited. To further investigate this subject, we used the model of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection of zebrafish (), which was previously developed in our laboratory.

2D-DIGE proteomic analysis of blood plasma reveals changes in immune- and stress-associated proteins following hormonal stimulation of carp males.

In carp aquaculture, hormonal manipulation with an analog of GnRH (Ovopel) and carp pituitary extract (CPE), which act at different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, is a routine practice to enhance sperm production. Our recent studies revealed that hormonal stimulation of male carp was associated with changes in the seminal plasma proteome, including blood origin proteins. Here, we explored whether Ovopel and CPE could affect the blood proteome of male carp.

Arginase Activity in Coelomocytes: Function in the Earthworm Innate Response.

Arginase is the manganese metalloenzyme catalyzing the conversion of l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. In vertebrates, arginase is involved in the immune response, tissue regeneration, and wound healing and is an important marker of alternative anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. In invertebrates, data concerning the role of arginase in these processes are very limited.

Effects of Process Parameters on Structure and Properties of Melt-Blown Poly(Lactic Acid) Nonwovens for Skin Regeneration.

Skin regeneration requires a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold for cell adhesion, growth and proliferation. A type of the scaffold offering a 3D structure is a nonwoven material produced via a melt-blown technique. Process parameters of this technique can be adapted to improve the cellular response.

Cortisol Metabolism in Carp Macrophages: A Role for Macrophage-Derived Cortisol in M1/M2 Polarization.

Macrophages are crucial not only for initiation of inflammation and pathogen eradication (classically polarized M1 macrophages), but also for inflammation inhibition and tissue regeneration (alternatively polarized M2 macrophages). Their polarization toward the M1 population occurs under the influence of interferon-γ + lipopolysaccharide (IFN-γ + LPS), while alternatively polarized M2 macrophages evolve upon, e.g.

Type I interferon-dependent response of zebrafish larvae during tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection.

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV; genus: Tilapinevirus, family: Amnoonviridae) is a recently characterised enveloped virus with a linear, negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome, which causes high mortality in tilapia species. In the present study, we demonstrated that zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae are susceptible to TiLV infection upon systemic injection. TiLV replicated in zebrafish larvae and caused their high mortality (of about 70%).

Characterization of carp seminal plasma Wap65-2 and its participation in the testicular immune response and temperature acclimation.

Two functionally distinct isoforms of warm-temperature acclimation related 65-kDa protein (Wap65-1 and Wap65-2) with a role in the immune response are present in fish. To our knowledge, contrary to Wap65-1, Wap65-2 has neither been isolated nor functionally characterized in carp especially in reproductive system. The aim of this study was to characterize Wap65-2 and ascertain its functions in immune response and temperature acclimation within reproductive system.

17α-ethinylestradiol and 4-tert-octylphenol concurrently disrupt the immune response of common carp.

The aquatic environment is massively polluted with endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) including synthetic estrogens (e.g. 17α-ethinylestradiol, EE2) and alkylphenols (e.

Cytosolic Sensors for Pathogenic Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids in Fish.

Recognition of the non-self signature of invading pathogens is a crucial step for the initiation of the innate immune mechanisms of the host. The host response to viral and bacterial infection involves sets of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind evolutionarily conserved pathogen structures, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Recent advances in the identification of different types of PRRs in teleost fish revealed a number of cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids.

Porous poly(lactic acid) based fibres as drug carriers in active dressings.

Purpose: The polymeric porous surface of fibres (PLA) may influence the kinetics of release of biologically active compounds (gentamicin, G and ethacridine lactate, R) affecting development of a bacterial biofilm.

Methods: The porous fibres with different morphology were manufactured by the electrospinning method from ternary systems composed of PLA and selected solvents. Fibres morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), their structure was analyzed by FT-IR ATR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

RNA-Seq analysis of the guppy immune response against Gyrodactylus bullatarudis infection.

Gyrodactylids are ubiquitous ectoparasites of teleost fish, but our understanding of the host immune response against them is fragmentary. Here, we used RNA-Seq to investigate genes involved in the primary response to infection with Gyrodactylus bullatarudis on the skin of guppies, Poecilia reticulata, an important evolutionary model, but also one of the most common fish in the global ornamental trade. Analysis of differentially expressed genes identified several immune-related categories, including IL-17 signalling pathway and Th17 cell differentiation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signalling pathway, NOD-like receptor signalling pathway, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and pathways involved in antigen recognition, processing and presentation.

Viral infection-induced changes in the expression profile of non-RLR DExD/H-box RNA helicases (DDX1, DDX3, DHX9, DDX21 and DHX36) in zebrafish and common carp.

In mammals, several non-RLR DExD/H-box RNA helicases are involve in sensing of viral nucleic acids and activation of antiviral immune response, however their role in the immune defense of fish is much less known. In this study, the expression profile of non-RLR DExD/H-box RNA helicase genes: ddx1, ddx3, dhx9, ddx21 and dhx36, was studied in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) during infection with two RNA viruses: spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) and Chum salmon reovirus (CSV).

17β-Estradiol affects the innate immune response in common carp.

Inflammation is the evolutionary conserved immune response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens or damaged cells. This multistep process acts by removing injurious stimuli and initiating the healing process. Therefore, it must be tightly regulated by cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes, as well as neuroendocrine mediators.

Antiviral response of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) during tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection.

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a novel enveloped orthomyxo-like virus with a genome of 10 segments of linear negative-sense single-stranded RNA. It causes massive mortality of wild and farmed tilapia species and because of its spread in Asia, Africa, South and North America, it is considered a threat to tilapia aquaculture. Here, we have evaluated the possible use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to study immune response and host-pathogen interactions during an infection with TiLV.

Chemokine CXCb1 stimulates formation of NETs in trunk kidney neutrophils of common carp.

Both in mammals and in fish, CXC chemokines activate leukocytes and regulate their migration both under normal physiological and inflammatory conditions. Moreover, in mammalian neutrophils CXC chemokines also stimulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Here, we investigated the effects of recombinant carp CXCL8s and CXCb1 on NET formation in neutrophils from the head (HK) and trunk (TK) kidney of carp.

Effects of stress and cortisol on the polarization of carp macrophages.

In teleost fish, myelopoiesis is maintained both in the head (HK) and trunk kidney (TK), but only the HK holds the endocrine cells that produce the stress hormone cortisol. We now compared the effects of prolonged restraint stress (in vivo) and cortisol (in vitro) on the polarization of HK and TK-derived carp macrophages. Monocytes/macrophages from both sources were treated in vitro with cortisol, lipopolysaccharide or with both factors combined.