Evaluation of aquaporins in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Brain aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and AQP4 are involved in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis and might participate in the origin of hydrocephalus. Studies have shown alterations of perivascular AQP4 expression in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to the overlapping of clinical signs between iNPH and certain neurological conditions, mainly AD, specific biomarkers might improve the diagnostic accuracy for iNPH.

The Impact of Varying Cooling and Thawing Rates on the Quality of Cryopreserved Human Peripheral Blood T Cells.

For the clinical delivery of immunotherapies it is anticipated that cells will be cryopreserved and shipped to the patient where they will be thawed and administered. An established view in cellular cryopreservation is that following freezing, cells must be warmed rapidly (≤5 minutes) in order to maintain high viability. In this study we examine the interaction between the rate of cooling and rate of warming on the viability, and function of T cells formulated in a conventional DMSO based cryoprotectant and processed in conventional cryovials.

Modified "Extended" Suboccipital Subtonsillar Clipping of a Ruptured Proximal Pica Aneurysm: Technical Note with Relevant Anatomical Demonstration.

Background And Importance: Lesions located lateral to the lower brainstem, such as proximal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms, are surgically challenging. We report a case of a patient with a left proximal PICA aneurysm that was successfully clipped via a so-called "extended" suboccipital subtonsillar approach, which allowed us to obtain proper vascular control without removal of the atlas. The anatomy relevant for this approach has been studied.

Second surgery for recurrent glioblastoma: A concise overview of the current literature.

Optimal treatment for recurrent glioblastoma continues to evolve. Currently, however, there is no consensus in the literature on the role of reoperation in the management of these patients, as several studies provide evidence for a longer overall survival in selected patients with recurrent glioblastoma who underwent second surgery and other studies report a limited impact of second surgery in the clinical course. In this paper, a review of the current literature was performed to analyze the role of reoperation in patients with recurrent glioblastoma and to report the overall survival from diagnosis, progression-free survival and quality of life.