Consumption of peanut products improves memory and stress response in healthy adults from the ARISTOTLE study: A 6-month randomized controlled trial.

Background: Peanuts are rich in bioactive compounds that may have a positive impact on memory and stress response.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of regular consumption of peanut products on cognitive functions and stress response in healthy young adults.

Design: A three-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 63 healthy young adults that consumed 25 g/day of skin roasted peanuts (SRP, n = 21), 32 g/d of peanut butter (PB, n = 23) or 32 g/d of a control butter made from peanut oil (free of phenolic compounds and fiber) (CB, n = 19) for six months.

The hippocampal longitudinal axis-relevance for underlying tau and TDP-43 pathology.

Recent studies suggest that hippocampus has different cortical connectivity and functionality along its longitudinal axis. We sought to elucidate the possible different pattern of atrophy in longitudinal axis of hippocampus between Amyloid/Tau pathology and TDP-43-pathies. Seventy-three presenile subjects were included: Amyloid/Tau group (33 Alzheimer's disease with confirmed cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] biomarkers), probable TDP-43 group (7 semantic variant progressive primary aphasia, 5 GRN and 2 C9orf72 mutation carriers) and 26 healthy controls.

Cognitive impairment induced by benzodiazepine use disorder and its reversibility: a case report.

Letter to the editor.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Predict Clinical Evolution in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Determination of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers - 42-amino-acid amyloid-β (Aβ42), total tau and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) - has demonstrated high validity for detecting AD neuropathological changes. However, their prognostic utility to predict the onset of dementia in predementia subjects is still questioned. We aimed to study the prospective clinical evolution of a group of subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to determine the prognostic capacity of AD CSF biomarkers.

The Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire (SCD-Q): a validation study.

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is gaining importance as a focus of investigation, but adequate tools are needed for its quantification.

Objective: To develop and validate a questionnaire to quantify SCD, termed the Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire (SCD-Q).

Methods: 124 controls (CTR), 144 individuals with SCD, 83 mild cognitive impairment subjects, 46 Alzheimer's disease patients, and 397 informants were included.

Usefulness of biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of early-onset cognitive impairment.

Early-onset cognitive impairment diagnosis is often challenging due to the overlapping symptoms between the different degenerative and non-degenerative conditions. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in early-onset cognitive impairment differential diagnosis, to assess their contribution to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the new National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) workgroup's recommendations and their capacity to predict subsequent decline in early-onset mild cognitive impairment (MCI). 37 controls and 120 patients (clinical onset <65 years) with diagnosis based on criteria available in 2009 (51 MCI, 42 AD, 10 frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 3 posterior cortical atrophy, and 14 primary progressive aphasia (PPA)) were included.

Applying the new research diagnostic criteria: MRI findings and neuropsychological correlations of prodromal AD.

Objective: We describe the neuroimaging characteristics of prodromal AD (PrdAD) patients diagnosed using the new research criteria in a clinical setting. In order to further characterize these patients, we also study the relationship between neuropsychology, CSF biomarkers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Methods/patients: 76 participants--24 controls (CTR), 20 amnesic patients, and 32 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients--were included in the study.

Effects of dilutional hyponatremia on brain organic osmolytes and water content in patients with cirrhosis.

In advanced cirrhosis there is a reduction in the brain concentration of many organic osmolytes, particularly myo-inositol (MI). Hyponatremia could theoretically aggravate these changes as a result of hypo-osmolality of the extracellular fluid. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hyponatremia on brain organic osmolytes and brain water content in cirrhosis.

A novel mutation in the PSEN2 gene (T430M) associated with variable expression in a family with early-onset Alzheimer disease.

Background: Autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer disease is a heterogeneous condition that has been associated with mutations in 3 different genes: the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) genes. Most cases are due to mutations in the PSEN1 gene, whereas mutations in the APP and PSEN2 genes are rare.

Objective: To describe a novel mutation in the PSEN2 gene associated with early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.

[Clinical characteristics of a family with early-onset Alzheimer's disease associated with a presenilin 1 mutation (M139T)].

Background: The objective of this study was to describe the clinical features and the genetic analysis of a family with autosomal-dominant familial Alzheimer's disease.

Patients And Method: In addition to the clinical findings of different family members, we performed a genetic analysis to detect mutations in the amyloid precursor protein genes, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 genes, by means of single-strand conformation polymorphism and subsequent sequencing. The APOE genotype was also determined.

Uncommon polymorphism in the presenilin genes in human familial Alzheimer's disease: not to be mistaken with a pathogenic mutation.

In this article, we studied the frequency of mutations in the presenilin (PSEN) 1, PSEN2 and amyloid precursor protein genes in a group of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). No pathogenic mutations were found, but a rare non-conservative single-nucleotide polymorphism was detected in the PSEN2 gene (P334R) in a large kindred with familial late-onset AD. No cosegregation was observed in this family.