[Pulsed Neodimium-Yag laser in the management of ureteral calculi].

The authors report their experience with the laser smashing of 105 ureteral calculi between Sept. 1 1989 and Sept. 30 1992.

[Nd. Yag treatment of bladder tumors].

Between 1989 and 1992 116 patients suffering from tumours of the bladder were treated with Nd. Yag laser. In 74 cases only laser treatment was applied, in 42 cases the laser treatment was combined with transurethral resection (TUR).

Nd-Yag laser treatment of bladder tumours.

Between 1989 and 1992, 116 patients suffering from bladder tumours had been treated with Nd-Yag laser. In 74 cases only laser treatment was applied, in 42 cases laser treatment was combined with transurethral resection (TUR). The patients were in phases Ta, T1 or T2 and in the majority of them histological examination did not reveal Grade 3.

Uro-Vaxom and the management of recurrent urinary tract infection in adults: a randomized multicenter double-blind trial.

A total of 112 patients with recurrent lower urinary tract infection (UTI) completed the 6-month period of the trial. Patients were treated for 3 months, under double-blind conditions, with one capsule daily of either Uro-Vaxom (UV) or placebo, together with an antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agent when necessary, and observed for a further 3 months. During the 6 months of the trial a significant decrease in the number of recurrences (p < 0.

[Indications for organ-conserving operations in cases of kidney tumors in the age of radical surgery].

The authors analyze the experiences of 29 operations of malign renal tumors, performed during the last 10 years conservating the organs. In 20 cases the conservation of the organ was indicated by necessity due to some diseases or the lack of the contralateral kidney, and in 9 cases due to the small extension of the tumor. The authors reveal their experiences on preoperative examinations; they discuss some questions of surgical techniques and describe their system of patient control.

Evaluation of 1000 percutaneous nephrostomies with a special view to efficiency and complications.

The authors summarize the experience gained with 100 percutaneous nephrostomies including the evaluation of the efficiency of the applied technique, complications and the possibilities to decrease the number of complications in 900 nephrolithotomies. Discussing efficiency, they stress the importance of appropriate indication, to which low failure rate (3%) is attributed. In the prevention of complications accessories are of importance.

Endoscopic diagnosis and therapy of urothelial tumours of the upper urinary tract (an analyses of our own cases with literary review).

The authors review the importance of ureteropyeloscopy and nephroscopy in the diagnostics and endoscopic treatment of urothelial tumours of the upper urinary tract, in view of their two-year experience and discuss indications and technical difficulties compared to those described in the literature. Practice is demonstrated with the description of two cases. Follow-up and care-tactics are detailedly described.

The development and progress of urology in Europe.

Based on the data of eminent European urologists, author gives an overview of the development of urology in Europe from the Ancient Times to our days. Reviewing the history, he has attempted to follow the simultaneous events in various countries. In discussing them, the most important events are highlighted.

CO2 laser in surgery of the renal parenchyma. A preliminary report.

The experiences of renal parenchymal surgery performed by CO2 laser knife are reported. A short surgery is given of the preliminaries of the use of CO2 laser in urological practice and of the biological effects of the laser beam. The coagulating effect of the laser beam in the cases of nephrotomy, polar resection, heminephrectomy, adrenal resection and of cavernotomy was studied and the incision time of the parenchyma measured.

The importance of closed bladder irrigation in prostatectomy.

Closed bladder irrigation in transvesical prostatectomy is an important factor in arresting bleeding and preventing or diminishing bacterial infection. A bladder irrigation of appropriate intensity may ensure that the blood clots be removed rapidly from the bladder and thereby the formation of larger clots and bladder tamponade can be avoided. The bacteriological examination of the eluents of 82 patients revealed that the longer the patient is maintained on a catheter, the longer bacteriuria and pyuria will persist.

Evaluation of imaging methods in the diagnosis of vesical tumours.

Literary data and personal experience furnished ground for assessing the value and determining the proper employment of imaging methods as used in the detection of bladder carcinoma. It seems highly advisable to perform native radiography and excretion urography. Upon the recording of a transabdominal echogram, intravesical ultrasonography, performed under narcosis simultaneously with biopsy and cystoscopy, constitutes an ideal complement to the latter and has proved to be the most effective diagnostic method to detect a carcinomatous infiltration of the bladder wall.

Percutaneous technique in the diagnostics and therapy of renal diseases.

Based on the literature and of their own experience, authors deal with the possibility of the percutaneous approach of renal diseases. Of the diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, they report their experience regarding percutaneous nephrolithotomic investigative methods employed in the differential diagnosis of renal masses. During a period of one-and-a-half years, percutaneous nephrostomy was performed in 130 cases, of them in 64 for removing stones.

Electrical stimulation of the bladder and gravidity.

Following experimental investigations, the authors have performed bladder stimulator implantation for paralyzed bladder patients since 1969. Up to 1983 altogether 32 operations were carried out for bladder paralysis following 21 peripheral and 11 central neural lesions. The patients urinated without residue after the operation.

[Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of bladder tumors].

The authors have compared the value of transabdominal, transrectal and intravesical ultrasonography in 100 patients with carcinoma of the bladder. They have also compared the pathological stage, determined at operation or post mortem, with the "ultrasound" stage. Transabdominal examination resulted in agreement in 61% cases, transrectal 69% and intravesical in 92%.

Intravesical ultrasonography as an aid to study the size of bladder cancers.

On clinical examination of 50 patients with bladder cancer the authors performed intravesical ultrasonography. By this method they never failed to detect the tumours. The stage of the pathological material obtained by operation or at autopsy was compared with that obtained by the intravesical ultrasonography.

Diverticulum of the female urethra: a report of 50 cases.

In the last ten years 50 patients were treated for urethral diverticulum. In contrast to data in the literature the condition does not seem to be infrequent. The main symptoms are recurrent or long persisting disorders of urine flow often accompanied by loin pain during coitus.

One thousand cases of prostatectomy.

A survey of one thousand transvesical prostatectomies was conducted for studying occasional complications. An improved technique is recommended for the removal of adenomas, 30-40 g in weight or above. The number of complications showed a decline which, together with the possibility to reduce the operating and nursing periods, is attributed to some outstanding features of the method such as the use of continuous running haemostatic synthetic sutures for constricting the edges of the prostatic bed, the use of a three-bore catheter with its balloon located inside the bladder, rinsing the bladder system, ambulation on the first postoperative day, the application of absorbable synthetic sutures and the early removal of the catheter.

Ultrastructural investigations of undescended testicles.

In agreement with data in the literature it has been demonstrated that the degree of testis degeneration is directly proportional to the duration of cryptorchism. Though no changes relating tumour or precancerous state have been found, it is suggested--especially in the case of macroscopically intact contralateral testis--that semicastration should be done instead of forced orchidopexy. More examinations are necessary in order to form a final opinion.

Paralimbic nephrotomy. Preliminary report.

This preliminary report discusses a method which unites the advantages of the surgical procedures introduced by Gil Vernet and Boyce for the transparenchymal removal of staghorn calculi. The significance of the length of the incision involving the parenchyma and the reduced thickness of the incised parenchyma are stressed. The urine collecting system (pyelocalyceal system) is explored through the renal pelvis making all the calyces well visible.

[Transvesical prostatectomy and its complications].

Seven hundred and fifty transvesical prostatectomies are evaluated from the aspect of complications. The method is used for the removal of adenomas of more than 30 g weight. Consequently, it is considered important to exactly determine the size of the adenoma and its relation to the neighbouring organs.

[Urological complications following surgical procedures and their management].

The urological complications of surgical interventions are discussed on the basis of the authors' clinical material collected over six years. Mainly fistulas and inflammatory complications occurred due to gynaecological operations performed by abdominal penetration. The possibilities and incidence of complications, as well as the diagnostic methods used for their detection and the applied therapies are reviewed.

[Transurethral cryocaustic therapy of the prostate].

In nearly one year 64 transurethral cryocaustics were performed because of adenoma of the bladder neck (36 cases) and carcinoma of the prostate (28 cases). Essentially, the authors' method consists in freezing the necessary quantity of tissue and then "exploding" the destroyed cells by sudden heating. In contrast to other authors, the catheter is kept in the patient for 8 days.

Innervation of the ureterovesical junction musculature of man.

The ultrastructure of the innervation of the human ureterovesical junction was studied. Three different nerve terminals were distinguished among the smooth muscle cells. 1.