In vitro spontaneous contractile activity of colonic smooth muscle in naive Lewis rats: Acute effect of gonadal hormones.

Objective: Functional gastrointestinal disorders affect females more often. Changes in colonic motility may be etiological co-factors for the clinical symptoms. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of gonadal hormones on colonic contractile activity.

Tibetan herbal formula Padma Digestin modulates gastrointestinal motility in vitro.

Aim: To examine the effects of Padma Digestin on the smooth muscle motility of different gastrointestinal segments in vitro.

Methods: The effects of the ethanolic extract of Padma Digestin (at 8.16 mg/mL or 81.

Apoptosis of ligamentous cells of the cranial cruciate ligament from stable stifle joints of dogs with partial cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

Objective: To describe the presence and amount of apoptotic ligamentous cells in different areas of partially ruptured canine cranial cruciate ligaments (prCCLs) and to compare these findings with apoptosis of ligamentous cells in totally ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments (trCCLs).

Animals: 20 dogs with prCCLs and 14 dogs with trCCLs.

Procedures: Dogs with prCCLs or trCCLs were admitted to the veterinary hospital for stifle joint treatment.