Testing detectability, attractivity, hedonic specificity, extractability, and robustness of colostrum odor-Toward an olfactory bioassay for human neonates.

Human milk odor is attractive and appetitive for human newborns. Here, we studied behavioral and heart-rate (HR) responses of 2-day-old neonates to the odor of human colostrum. To evaluate detection in two conditions of stimulus delivery, we first presented the odor of total colostrum against water.

Human neonates prefer colostrum to mature milk: Evidence for an olfactory bias toward the "initial milk"?

Objectives: Colostrum is the initial milk secretion which ingestion by neonates warrants their adaptive start in life. Colostrum is accordingly expected to be attractive to newborns. The present study aims to assess whether colostrum is olfactorily attractive for 2-day-old newborns when presented against mature milk or a control.

The role of papillary skin glands in guiding mouse pups to the nipple.

The nipple odor of lactating mice (Mus musculus) plays a crucial role in attracting newborn pups and motivating them to suck milk. The characteristic odor of a lactating murine nipple is assumed to be a mixture of multiple odorous substrates, that is, milk, dam's and pups' saliva, skin glands' secretions, and amniotic fluid. The present study aimed to characterize the behavioral activity of the original odor mixture that develops over the nipples in the first 2 days postpartum.

Attractive and appetitive odor factors in murine milk: Their fade-out time and differential cryo-preservation.

Murine milk conveys an odor factor that is both attractive and appetitive to conspecific newborns. Up to now, little is known about the temporal dynamic of this odor factor and about the stability of its behavioral activity after milk ejection. We aim to characterize the conditions in which the attractive and appetitive potency of milk to newborns is best conserved and, as a logical outcome, at standardizing conditions in which milk varies in reactogenic potency for newborns.