Temporal changes of lung computed tomography findings pulmonary COVID-19 infection.

Objectives: COVID-19 infection demonstrates characteristic findings in chest CT. The optimal timing of repeated CT scans still needs to be clarified, and the optimal time to assess imaging clearance in COVID-19 is still unknown. It is crucial to have a roadmap of the imaging course of COVID-19 pneumonia to develop guidelines for prompt diagnosis of pulmonary complications, especially fibrosis, at the earliest stage.

Role of gut bacterial and non-bacterial microbiota in alcohol-associated liver disease: Molecular mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic prospective.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) comprises a spectrum of liver diseases that include: steatosis to alcohol-associated hepatitis, cirrhosis, and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathophysiology and potential underlying mechanisms for alcohol-associated liver disease are unclear. Moreover, the treatment of ALD remains a challenge.

A Giant Sacrococcygeal Chordoma: A Case Report.

Sacrococcygeal chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor. Although there are tough membranes such as the periosteum and presacral fascia (which resist transgression by the tumors), chordoma usually invades the rectal wall. The serious problem with these tumors is the late diagnosis and its high likelihood to become enlarged.

Conus Medullaris Teratoma: Case Report and Literature Review.

Teratomas are benign germ cell tumors that usually found out of their anatomical origin. Teratomas usually are found in sacrococcygeal area, gonads, mediastinum, cervicofacial region and intracranial fossa. Spinal teratomas are rare.

Therapeutic potential of toll-like receptors in treatment of gynecological cancers.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune system. They are expressed in various regions of the female reproductive tract, and their regulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of gynecological lesions. There is growing evidence that ligands for several TLRs are potentially anticancer agents, some of which have already been approved by the FDA, and these compounds are now undergoing clinical evaluation.

Current status and future prospects of transforming growth factor-β as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in the treatment of breast cancer.

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is one of the important pathways involved in the cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, as well as in metastasis by agitation or invasion of metastasis-related factors, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer stem cells (CSCs), and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). These data suggest its potential value as a therapeutic object in the treatment of malignancies including breast cancer. Several pharmacological approaches have been established to suppress TGF-β pathway; such as vaccines, small molecular inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides, and monoclonal antibodies.

miRNA Targeting Angiogenesis as a Potential Therapeutic Approach in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancers.

Angiogenesis refers to the formation of recent blood vessels, which is one of the characteristics of cancer progression and it has been deliberated as a putative target to the treatment of many kinds of cancers. The VEGF signaling substrate is very important for angiogenesis and is commonly high-regulated in tumors. As a result, this molecule has attracted the attention of most of the researchers to develop antiangiogenic therapies.

Association of TNF-308 G>A polymorphism located in tumor necrosis factor a with the risk of developing cervical cancer and results of pap smear.

Tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the immune response and the progression of cervical lesions. There is a growing body of data evaluating the value of a genetic variant in the TNFa gene with the risk of developing cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the association of a variant, TNF-308 G>A, residing in the TNFa gene with cervical cancer.

Therapeutic potential of targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is an important, dysregulated pathway in several tumor types, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Although the activation of this pathway is an important component of normal development, its aberrant activation resulting from activating or inactivating mutations in the CTNNB1 gene locus, or in the negative regulators AXIN and APC involving stabilization of β-catenin, and activation of target genes leads to a more aggressive phenotype, suggesting its potential value as a therapeutic target in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. A number of small molecule and biologic agents have now been developed for targeting this pathway.

Relationship between platelet count and platelet width distribution and serum uric acid concentrations in patients with untreated essential hypertension.

Hematological parameters have emerged as independent determinants of high serum concentrations of uric acid (UA) and predictive factors in the evaluation of the total cardiovascular risk in patients with essential hypertensive. Here, we have investigated the possible relationships between hematological factors and serum uric acid levels in hypertensive patients recruited as part of Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders cohort study. Two-thousand three-hundred and thirty-four hypertensive individuals were recruited from this cohort and these were divided into two groups; those with either high or low serum UA concentrations.

Genetic variation in the DNA repair pathway as a potential determinant of response to platinum-based chemotherapy in breast cancer.

Platinum-based chemotherapy is often used as a first-line treatment for patient with breast cancer. Platinum agents bind to DNA, forming adducts that contain intra and inter-strand crosslinks. It is possible that genetic variations of the DNA repair pathways may affect the activity, or efficacy of platinum, and hence resistance to platinum chemotherapy may be related to these genetic variants.

The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer: Rational Strategies and Recent Progress.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is cellular environment in addition to harboring carcinoma cells, consists of different components (e.g., blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, lymphocytes, signaling molecules, and the extracellular matrix) that have an essential role on drug activity and efficacy.

Targeting the tumor microenvironment as a potential therapeutic approach in colorectal cancer: Rational and progress.

Colorectal cancer (CC) is often diagnosed at a late stage when tumor metastasis may have already occurred. Current treatments are often ineffective in metastatic disease, and consequently late diagnosis is often associated with poor outcomes in CC. Alternative strategies are therefore urgently required.

Genetic Background of Hirschsprung Disease: A Bridge Between Basic Science and Clinical Application.

Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder, defined by partial or complete loss of the neuronal ganglion cells in the intestinal tract, which is caused by the failure of neural crest cells to migrate completely during intestinal development during fetal life. HSCR has a multifactorial etiology, and genetic factors play a key role in its pathogenesis; these include mutations within several gene loci. These have been identified by screening candidate genes, or by conducting genome wide association (GWAS) studies.

Genetic susceptibility in cervical cancer: From bench to bedside.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the third most common malignancy in women globally, and persistent infection with the oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) is recognized as the major risk factor. The pathogenesis of CC relies on the interplay between the tumorigenic properties of the HPV and host factors. Host-related genetic factors, including the presence of susceptibility loci for cervix tumor is substantial importance.

The Therapeutic Potential of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Rational and Progress.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is among the most frequently dysregulated pathways in patients with BC. The activation of this pathway is associated with increased cell growth and clinical outcome, and its overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis.

Genetic variants as potential predictive biomarkers in advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy regimen containing oxaliplatin is often the first-line treatment for patient with advanced colorectal cancer. Oxaliplatin binds to DNA, leading to the formation of crosslinks and bulky adducts. Approximately 50% of patients with CRC benefit from treatment with oxaliplatin.

Targeting RAS signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

The V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is frequently dysregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). It is involved in the modulation of several downstream effectors, that include: Raf/Mek/Erk, PI3K/Akt, RalGDS/p38MAPK, and Rac/Rho, and thereby influences tumorigenesis, the invasive behaviors of tumor cell, and resistance to therapy. There is growing evidence exploring the use of drugs that target these pathways in the treatment of CRC.

Therapeutic Potential of Targeting PI3K/AKT Pathway in Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: Rational and Progress.

PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is one of the key dysregulated pathways in different tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Activation of this pathway is shown to be related with cellular transformation, tumor progression, cell survival, and drug resistance. There is growing body of data evaluating the value of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in CRC (e.

Targeting the Akt/PI3K Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer.

The phosphoinositide 3 kinase AKT mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKTmTOR) signaling pathway is an important in the aetiology of pancreatic cancer (PC) and is frequently activated in PC. It is then associated with a poorer prognosis. Aberrant activation of this pathway is involved in cell metabolism and survival, cell cycle progression, regulation of apoptosis, protein synthesis, and genomic instability.

Current Status and Perspectives Regarding the Therapeutic Potential of Targeting EGFR Pathway by Curcumin in Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related-death. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer. More than 70% of NSCLC patients have locally advanced or metastatic disease in diagnosis stage, which are then being treated with platinum-based chemotherapy or epidermal-growthfactor- receptor (EGFR) inhibitors.

Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: Rational and Progress.

Wnt/β-catenin pathway is one of the main/frequent dysregulated pathways in several tumor types, including colon cancer. Aberrant activation of this pathway is associated with cell proliferation, invasive behaviors, and cell resistance, suggesting its potential value as a therapeutic target in treatment of CRC. Several agents have been developed for targeting of this pathway (e.

The prognostic and therapeutic application of microRNAs in breast cancer: Tissue and circulating microRNAs.

Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy diagnosed in women, supporting the need for identification of novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Recently, microRNAs have emerged as molecular regulators that can have key roles in pathogenesis and progression of different malignancies, including breast cancer. Micro-RNAs can be circulated in body fluid, suggesting their values as non-invasive marker.

Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin in Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Pancreatic cancer is among the leading cause of deaths due to cancer with extremely poor prognosis. Gemcitabine is being used in the treatment of patient with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), although, the response rate is bellow 12%. A recent phase III trial revealed that FOLFIRINOX could be an option for the treatment of metastatic PDAC patients, although it is associated with increased toxicity.