Advanced Toolboxes for Cryobioprinting Human Tissue Analogs.

The increasing demand for biofabricating human tissue analogs for therapeutic applications has encouraged the pursuit of innovative techniques that shift from conventional bioprint-to-use approaches toward instantaneous bioprint-cryopreserve strategies. Such enabling concepts and next-generation technologies open new possibilities for fabricating shelf-ready living constructs for applications in regenerative medicine, preclinical disease modeling, and beyond. The generation of living constructs either for short- or long-term cryostorage requires, however, a careful design of cryoprotective bioinks to maximize biofunctionality and limit cell damage during processing.