Operative staging of lung cancer.

For earlier stage non-small cell lung cancer, surgical resection remains the most effective therapy. Complete resection of the primary tumour and lymph nodes should be the final aim in order to obtain the best long-term prognosis. Resectability depends on the tumour stage, and precise pre- and peroperative staging are of the utmost importance.

Three layers of the medial capsular and supporting structures of the knee: MR imaging-anatomic correlation.

The authors used a three-layer approach to correlate the appearance of the capsule and ligaments of the medial side of the knee on magnetic resonance (MR) images with corresponding anatomic slices. MR images of six fresh cadaveric specimens were obtained by using a proton-density-weighted fast spin-echo sequence with a 256 x 512 matrix. Specimens were frozen and sliced with a band saw into 3.

CT and MR arthrography of the normal and pathologic anterosuperior labrum and labral-bicipital complex.

Interpretation of computed tomographic and magnetic resonance arthrograms of the shoulder is complicated by normal variants of the labrum and glenohumeral ligaments. A superior sublabral recess is located at the 12 o'clock position and represents a normal recess between the superior labrum and the cartilage of the glenoid cavity. A sublabral foramen is located at the 2 o'clock position and represents localized detachment of the labrum from the glenoid rim.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome: ultrasonographic and MRI features.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a well-known but rare entrapment neuropathy involving the posterior tibial nerve in the tarsal tunnel, a fibro-osseous channel extending from the medial aspect of the ankle to the midfoot. Posttraumatic fibrosis, ganglion cyst, tenosynovitis, tumor of the nerves or other structures, dilated or tortuous veins can cause significant nerve compression in this anatomic region. Herein, we present the typical ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance features of this disorder in patient with a ganglion cyst.

Lack of compressibility of the common femoral vein: an unequivocal sign of proximal deep venous thrombosis on duplex ultrasound?

The authors report a case of false positive diagnosis of iliac vein thrombosis on duplex ultrasound. The misreading of the duplex scan was based on the presence of an incompressible common femoral vein. External compression on the iliac veins, caused by enormous postoperative lymphoceles, was responsible for the false positive diagnosis.

Real time CT-fluoroscopy: diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

The synergetic progression of CT technology and computer hardware has made ultrafast acquisition and image reconstruction possible. This has lead to the availability of CT interactive diagnosis and therapeutic procedures. Making use of our own material (337 intervention procedures during the last 17 months), we have compared our techniques and results to the recent literature data.

Rib fractures induced by coughing: an unusual cause of acute chest pain.

We report three patients with stress fractures of the ribs induced by coughing. Standard radiographs of the chest and ribs did not reveal evidence of rib fractures in any of the patients. Bone scintigraphy, performed 1 to 2 weeks after initial onset of symptoms, showed a focal area of increased uptake along the chest wall in all cases.

Diffusion-weighted MRI in cyclosporin A neurotoxicity for the classification of cerebral edema.

Cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive agent, is known to have neurotoxic effects, but until now, there has not been agreement on the underlying mechanism. Our report suggests, by using diffusion-weighted MRI, that the brain lesions caused by cyclosporin A, are probably related to vasogenic edema. This may explain the complete recovery of the lesions on imaging when cyclosporine therapy is stopped.

Superficial thrombophlebitis of pubic collateral veins after gynecological surgery: a case report.

Superficial pubic collateral veins are the result of iliac vein occlusion due to previous thrombosis. They can be accompanied by deep crossover veins. We present a patient with thrombophlebitis of superficial pubic collateral veins after a hysteroscopic procedure.

Evaluation of lower back pain with bone scintigraphy and SPECT.

Bone scintigraphy and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) may be performed for evaluation of lower back pain, especially when a bone abnormality is suspected. Various patterns of tracer activity based on precise identification of the anatomic location of increased uptake may be observed and used to evaluate bones and joints. Lesions centered about the disk space and vertebral body include spondylodiskitis, metastatic disease, vertebral body fracture, and degenerative disease (disk disease, spondylosis deformans).

Subperiosteal ganglion cyst of the tibia. A communication with the knee demonstrated by delayed arthrography.

We report a patient with a subperiosteal ganglion cyst of the tibia which was imaged by radiography, arthrography, CT and MRI. The images were correlated with the arthroscopic surgical and histological findings. Spiculated formation of periosteal new bone on plain radiographs led to the initial suspicion of a malignant tumour.

Popliteal cysts in children: prevalence, appearance and associated findings at MR imaging.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Baker's cysts on MR images in a paediatric orthopaedic population, to investigate the association of Baker's cyst with joint fluid and joint disorders in children, and to compare the MR appearance of Baker's cysts in children with that previously reported in adults.

Materials And Methods: Reports from 393 MR studies of the knee performed in children aged from 1 to 17 years were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of a Baker's cyst, joint effusion, meniscal tear, anterior cruciate ligament tear, or any other joint disorder.

Results: A Baker's cyst was identified in 6.

Unusual location of an ovary: ultrasonographic features and surgical correlation.

We present a case of ectopic ovary in a 5-month-old baby presenting a firm nodule in the left labia majora. Ultrasonography was performed and revealed an ectopic ovary. The ectopic ovary was surgically returned in adnexial location.

MRI of extrapancreatic gastrinomas.

Preoperative diagnosis of gastrinoma--especially extrapancreatic gastrinoma--is very difficult. At the moment octreotide scintigraphy is considered the method of choice to detect gastrinomas. However, MRI may play a major role in the diagnostic imaging of gastrinoma.

Normal and abnormal medial meniscocapsular structures: MR imaging and sonography in cadavers.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop imaging criteria for the diagnosis of meniscocapsular separation by correlating findings on MR imaging, MR arthrography, and sonography of normal and abnormal medial meniscocapsular structures with corresponding anatomic sections in cadavers.

Materials And Methods: Eight cadaveric knee specimens were examined with MR imaging, MR arthrography, and sonography before arthroscopy. In six specimens the following lesions were arthroscopically created: meniscocapsular separation (n = 3), medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear (n = 3), tear of the meniscofemoral extension of the deep MCL (n = 2), and coronary ligament tear (n = 2).

Deep benign fibrous histiocytoma of the knee: CT and MR features with pathologic correlation.

Magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic findings in a 28-year-old patient with a giant deep benign fibrous histiocytoma in the popliteal fossa of the right knee are described. The MR imaging findings include a well-delineated oval mass with low signal intensity on T1-, and high signal intensity on T2-weighted, images, and marked peripheral contrast enhancement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the MR findings in this entity.

Glenoid dysplasia: radiographic and CT arthrographic findings.

A 60-year-old man with dysplasia of the glenoid and a rotator cuff tear is reported on. Because of the tear, CT arthrography was performed, offering an opportunity to evaluate the various soft tissue abnormalities accompanying glenoid dysplasia. Marked thickening of the glenoid cartilage and labrum was apparent, as well as an abnormal posterolateral orientation of the glenoid cavity.

Calcium hydroxyapatite deposition disease of the neck: finding in three patients.

Calcium hydroxyapatite deposition disease may occasionally involve the superolateral portion of the longus colli muscle. Clinical symptoms include headache, neck pain, and dysphagia. Characteristic prevertebral calcifications with the epicenter at the C1-C2 level are depicted on lateral radiographs of the cervical spine.

Otodental syndrome. A case report.

A 12-year-old boy with characteristic findings of otodental syndrome is presented. Abnormalities of deciduous and permanent dentition included bulbous canines, globe-shaped posterior teeth and agenesis of maxillary premolars. High-frequency sensorineural hearing loss was demonstrated, and results of genetic studies indicated an autosomal dominant trait.

Subcutaneous granuloma annulare: MR imaging findings.

We present a case of subcutaneous granuloma annulare evaluated with MR imaging. The mass was poorly defined and showed thickened interconnecting strands with low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted MR images. When a poorly defined subcutaneous mass with low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted MR images is observed in an otherwise healthy child, subcutaneous granuloma annulare should receive serious consideration.

Detection of ankle effusions: comparison study in cadavers using radiography, sonography, and MR imaging.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare radiography, sonography, and MR imaging in revealing ankle effusions in cadaveric specimens.

Materials And Methods: Known quantities of saline solution were instilled in increments into the ankle joints of three cadaveric specimens. Imaging was completed after each injection with the ankle in dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, and a neutral position.

Elbow effusions: distribution of joint fluid with flexion and extension and imaging implications.

Rationale And Objectives: The authors study the distribution of elbow joint fluid with flexion and extension of the joint and evaluate the imaging implications of such distribution.

Methods: Three cadaveric elbows were studied with radiography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging after the incremental injections of 1 to 15 mL of saline solution into the elbow joint. Imaging was obtained with full flexion and extension of the joint.

The Bennett lesion of the shoulder.

In this article we review the imaging features and significance of the Bennett lesion of the shoulder. Standard radiographic, computed arthrotomographic, and MR findings in three baseball pitchers diagnosed with Bennett lesions of the shoulder are discussed. A crescent-shaped region of mineralization at the posteroinferior aspect of the glenoid rim, consistent with a Bennett lesion, arises at the insertion of the posterior joint capsule.