Increase in Penicillin and multidrug resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae (1993-2016): Report from a tertiary care hospital laboratory, Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the trend of resistance to antimicrobials in Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, and the impact of new Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines on 1211 among meningeal isolates.

Methods: The descriptive observational retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital laboratory in Karachi, and comprised Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility data over a period of 24 years, from 1993 to 2016, which was compared in terms of pre-2008 and post-2008 data, which was analysed using SPSS 19.

Results: Of the 7415 non-duplicate isolates identified, 4700(63.

Use of MRI and Ga-68 DOTATATE for the detection of neuroendocrine liver metastases.

Purpose: To compare detection rates of NET liver metastases of MRI and Ga-68-DOTATATE PET/CT to provide more clarity when selecting diagnostic imaging tests for NET staging.

Methods: In this IRB-approved single-institution retrospective study, all patients with pathology-proven NET who underwent Ga-68-DOTATATE and MRI scans within 8 weeks of each other (3/2017-2/2020) were reviewed. Number of metastases for each patient on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, and Ga-68 DOTATATE were recorded by two blinded radiologists, followed by consensus review with two separate blinded readers for MRI and nuclear medicine.

Total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation for chronic pancreatitis: spectrum of postoperative CT findings.

Improved laboratory methods for preparing islets for autotransplantation and postoperative care for the apancreatic patient have led to a surge in centers performing total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation. Accordingly, imaging in this patient population is increasingly being performed. The purpose of this article is to review the expected normal postoperative findings unique to the procedure and common complications on dual phase CT in the immediate postoperative and long-term periods.

CT and MRI assessment of symptomatic organized pancreatic fluid collections and pancreatic duct disruption: an interreader variability study using the revised Atlanta classification 2012.

Purpose: Compare CT and MRI for fluid/debris component estimate and pancreatic duct (PD) communication with organized pancreatic fluid collections in acute pancreatitis. Evaluate fat density globules on CT as marker for debris.

Methods: 29 Patients with 46 collections with CECT and MRI performed ≥4 weeks of symptom onset assessed for necrotizing pancreatitis, estimated percentage of fluid volume and PD involvement by two radiologists on separate occasions.

Dual-phase CT findings of groove pancreatitis.

Purpose: Groove pancreatitis is a rare focal form of chronic pancreatitis that occurs in the pancreaticoduodenal groove between the major and minor papillae, duodenum and pancreatic head. Radiologic appearance and clinical presentation can result in suspicion of malignancy rendering pancreaticoduodenectomy inevitable. This study reports dual phase CT findings in a series of 12 patients with pathology proven groove pancreatitis.