Survey of ophthalmic disorders among captive pinnipeds in Japan.

Pinnipeds have evolved enlarged ocular bulbs to catch fish in the dark. However, their large protruding eyes are easily damaged, which increases the risk of blindness and death in these animals. In captivity, ophthalmic disorders, manifested as keratitis and cataracts, are common among pinnipeds.

Effects of pupil size on canine visual evoked potential with pattern stimulation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pupil diameter on canine visual evoked potentials with pattern stimulation (P-VEP). Atropine eye drop (1.0%) was applied to both eyes as a cycloplegic drug, and tafluprost eye drop (0.

Surgical removal of cataract in an Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) by phacoemulsification and aspiration.

A twenty-year-old male Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) presented at the Rakuno Gakuen University Animal Medical Center with a 10-year history of bilateral blindness and cataracts. Surgical treatment of bilateral cataracts by extracapsular lensextraction using phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA) was performed under general anesthesia. An anterior capsulectomy was performed using micro iris scissors and micro anterior lens capsule forceps.

Assessment of meibomian gland morphology by noncontact infrared meibography in Shih Tzu dogs with or without keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Objective: To investigate meibomian gland (MG) morphology by noncontact infrared meibography in Shih Tzu dogs with or without keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS).

Procedures: Fourteen eyes of 12 Shih Tzu dogs (mean age of 10.7 years, range of 7-13 years) presented to Yakumo Animal Hospital or Triangle Animal Eye Clinic from 2011 to 2017 with clinical signs and a Schirmer tear test (STT) result consistent with KCS (<10 mm/min) were examined.

Basal cell adenocarcinoma on bulbar conjunctiva of third eyelid in a dog.

An 8-year-old castrated Toy poodle presented with swelling and proptosis of the right third eyelid caused by an exophytic mass on the bulbar surface. Histologically, the mass was composed of stratified neoplastic basaloid cells, arranged in nests and interconnecting islands, which were mixed with tubular structures. Immunohistochemically, the basaloid cells were positive for p63 and cytokeratin (CK) 14, and the inner epithelial cells of the tubular structures were positive for CK7, CK8, and CK19.

Measurement of visual acuity in Beagle dog by visual evoked potential with pattern stimulation.

We tried measurement of visual acuity in laboratory beagle using pattern stimulus visual evoked potential (P-VEP). We recorded P-VEP in 6 beagles which were corrected refractive power. The stimulus pattern size was 1.

Synchysis scintillans of the anterior chamber in a dog.

Intraocular cholesterol granuloma (CG) associated with synchysis scintillans (SS) was diagnosed in a 5-year-old spayed Shetland sheepdog. During the initial clinical examination, the patient exhibited SS in the anterior chamber. Canine SS is usually found in the vitreous cavity, and SS in the anterior chamber has not been described.

Comparison between indocyanine green angiography and fluorescein angiography in normal cats.

Objective: To study a new approach to indocyanine green (ICG) angiography for contrasting the ocular fundus in cats.

Animals Studied: Six healthy laboratory cats.

Procedures: Fluorescein (FLUO) and ICG angiography were performed using an infrared-sensitive charged coupled device-equipped fundus camera on sedated cats.

Effect of refractive error on visual evoked potentials with pattern stimulation in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of refractive error on canine visual evoked potentials with pattern stimulation (P-VEP). Six normal beagle dogs were used. The refractive power of the recorded eyes was measured by skiascopy.

Dark adaptation time in canine electroretinography using a contact lens electrode with a built-in light source.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dark adaptation time in canine electroretinography (ERG) using a contact lens electrode with a built-in LED. Twelve eyes of six normal laboratory beagle dogs were used and exposed to steady room light at 500 lux for 30 min for light adaption. ERG was recorded at different time points during dark adaptation in sedated and light-adapted beagles.

Effect of sevoflurane concentration on visual evoked potentials with pattern stimulation in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sevoflurane concentration on canine visual evoked potentials with pattern stimulation (P-VEPs). Six clinically normal laboratory-beagle dogs were used. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane was detected from all subjects by tail clamp method.

Electroretinography recordings using a light emitting diode active corneal electrode in healthy beagle dogs.

Electroretinography (ERG) is a well-established diagnostic procedure for objectively evaluating retinal function. In this study, ERG in beagle dogs, which are a popular experimental animal, was performed to determine the normal range of ERG variables and assess differences between the left and right eyes. ERG findings including rod, combined rod-cone, single-flash cone, and 30-Hz flicker responses were recorded with an LED-electrode in 43 sedated beagle dogs.

Evaluation of refractive value by skiascopy in healthy Beagles.

We examined the refractive value in healthy Beagles by skiascopy. The mean refractive value of 54 eyes of 27 Beagles was 0.08 ± 0.

Investigation of fellow eye of unilateral retinal detachment in Shih-Tzu.

Objective: To investigate disease in the fellow eye, and consider the relation to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Shih-Tzus.

Animals Studied: The fellow eyes of 49 Shih-Tzus (27 male, 22 female; median age: 6.8 years) with unilateral RRD diagnosed by funduscopy or ultrasonography at Rakuno Gakuen University Teaching Animal Hospital were assessed in this study.

Pattern-stimulated visual evoked potential in dog: changes in elicited response with pattern size and calculation of visual acuity.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the changes in the response of pattern-stimulated visual evoked potential (pVEP) with different pattern size, and demonstrate visual acuity from the minimum visual angle. pVEP was recorded from both eyes of six healthy beagles. Prior to pVEP recording, the dogs were sedated, and a traction fiber was used to prevent the eye from rolling down.

Functional disorder of the retina in manganese-deficient Japanese quail revealed by electroretinography using a contact lens electrode with built-in light source.

Manganese deficiency results in neurological and skeletal defects, together with ultrastructural disarrangement of the retina in rats. Wild birds show a range of Mn concentrations in their tissues, including the liver, raising the possibility of Mn-related disorders in the wild. Electroretinography (ERG) provides a useful noninvasive approach to evaluate visual function.

The effects of cataract stage, lens-induced uveitis and cataract removal on ERG in dogs with cataract.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cataract stage, lens-induced uveitis and cataract removal on the electroretinogram (ERG) of dogs with cataract.

Animals Studied: Fifty-seven dogs diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral cataract whose ERG was recorded at Rakuno Gakuen University Teaching Animal Hospital from 2001 to 2004.

Procedures: Four responses were recorded during the ERG: rod ERG, standard combined ERG, single-flash cone ERG and 30-Hz flicker ERG.

Indocyanine green angiography for examining the normal ocular fundus in dogs.

In dogs, a variety of diseases of the retina and choroid have been reported, either separately or concomitantly; however, the canine choroid is difficult to evaluate by veterinary techniques currently available. Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography is widely used in human ophthalmology, but has not been investigated for use in canine ophthalmology. The aim of this study was to apply a new approach to ICG angiography and compare the resulting angiograms with fluorescein (FLUO) angiograms of the ocular fundus in dogs.

Detection of cone dysfunction induced by digoxin in dogs by multicolor electroretinography.

It is difficult to detect discrete cone function with the present conventional electroretinography (ERG) examination. In this study, we developed contact electrodes with a built-in color (red (644 nm), green (525 nm), or blue (470 nm)) light source (color LED-electrode), and evaluated an experimental model of digoxin in the dog. First, 17 normal Beagle dogs were used to determine which electrode works well for color ERG measurement on dogs.

Electroretinography using contact lens electrode with built-in light source in dogs.

Electroretinography (ERG) is an effective method for the diagnosis of retinal disease. In the dog, dependable ERG recording is difficult without the use of an expensive device like a Ganzfeld full-field stimulator. The International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision has defined the standard flash stimulus condition (SF) and evaluation of the retina using the b/a ratio in humans.

Axial correction of pes varus by transverse-opening wedge osteotomy and T-plate fixation with beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) transplantation in dachshunds.

Axial correction was performed surgically in two miniature dachshunds presenting with lateral patellar dislocation and limping caused by pes varus. Pes varus had resulted from asymmetric closure of the physis of the distal tibia. Prior to surgery, osteotomy was simulated by measuring X-ray films to determine the distance required for the wedge opening.

Anesthetic and cardiovascular effects of balanced anesthesia using constant rate infusion of midazolam-ketamine-medetomidine with inhalation of oxygen-sevoflurane (MKM-OS anesthesia) in horses.

The anesthetic sparring and cardiovascular effects produced by midazolam 0.8 mg/ml-ketamine 40 mg/ml-medetomidine 0.05 mg/ml (0.

Experimentally induced Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in two Akita dogs.

We have investigated whether a Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH)-like disease can be induced in Akita dogs by immunizing them with tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1), and compared the alterations induced to those of Akita dogs with a spontaneously occurring disease that resembles human VKH disease. Two Akita dogs were immunized with a peptide mixture of human TRP1. The changes in the eyes were followed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and fluorescein angiography (FA).

Fixation to the canine bone of artificial implant with new surface structure.

Screw and laser (SL) column by making screw threads and forming small holes using laser irradiation on the base metal and conventional beads coating (BC) columns were embedded into the shaft of canine femurs, and compared the implant fixation to the host bone. The interfacial strength in SL columns was almost equivalent as BC columns, and bone-column contact rate was higher than BC columns significantly at twelve weeks after implantation. The newly devised SL surface had almost equivalent bone fixation strength comparable to the conventional BC surface.

The interfacial strength in sputtering-hydroxyapatite-coating implants with arc-deposited surface.

Titanium columns (Ti-6A1-4V) were treated with arc-deposition to roughen the surface enough to anchor the bone, and then coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) at a thickness of 5 micro m by the sputtering technique. Columns were implanted into dog femurs, and fixation of columns to bone due to bone-ingrowth was assessed histologically and with the push-out test. The HA-coated columns were inserted in the shafts of the right femurs of 2 dogs.