Emergency contraception: no. 280 (replaces No. 131, August 2003).

Objective: To review current knowledge about emergency contraception (EC), including available options, their modes of action, efficacy, safety, and the effective provision of EC within a practice setting.

Options: The combined estradiol-levonorgestrel (Yuzpe regimen) and the levonorgestrel-only regimen, as well as post-coital use of copper intrauterine devices, are reviewed.

Outcomes: Efficacy in terms of reduction in risk of pregnancy, safety, and side effects of methods for EC and the effect of the means of access to EC on its appropriate use and the use of consistent contraception.

Neuronal apoptosis in immunodeficient mice infected with the challenge virus standard strain of rabies virus by intracerebral inoculation.

The challenge virus standard-11 strain (CVS) of fixed rabies virus produces neuronal apoptosis in widespread areas of the brain of mice after intracerebral inoculation. The role of the adaptive immune response in producing neuronal apoptosis in this model was evaluated by comparing the infections in adult C57BL/6J mice with nude mice (T cell deficient) and Rag1 mice (T and B cell deficient). Both strains of immunodeficient mice showed very similar clinical disease and neuropathological findings, including marked neuronal apoptosis.