Infective endocarditis (IE) rarely presents with cutaneous manifestations due to earlier diagnosis and treatment. We present a case of middle-aged male patient presenting with an erythematous papular rash in the upper extremities and left knee, further progressing into painful ulcers with crusted and necrotic center in the arms and fingers. These cutaneous lesions were further followed by shaking chills and fever, which brought the patient to our hospital.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Immunopathol Pharmacol
December 2022
Objective: Immune changes play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Previous studies have revealed alterations in immune responses of patients with non-severe and severe COVID-19. Therefore, this study investigated whether interleukin-27 (IL-27) and interleukin-32 (IL-32) levels may be considered as predicting factors for determining the severity and outcome of COVID-19.
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