Topical Insulin in Artificial Tears Stability Study: Short-term Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Stability Study of 0.5 Units (25 IU/mL) of Topical Insulin in Artificial Tears.

Objectives: Topical insulin (TI) at 25 IU/mL effectively normalizes healing of corneal epithelium and dry eye in diabetic patients. We aim to determine physicochemical stability and sterility of TI in sodium hyaluronate 0.18% (TI-artificial tears [AT]) in an eye drop formulation.

A Retrospective Case Review of Firework-Related Ocular Injuries in Malaysia.

Background: Fireworks are known to cause severe ocular injuries. This study was intended to examine the pattern and visual outcomes of firework-related severe eye injuries in Malaysia.  Methods: A retrospective review of fireworks-related eye injuries was conducted in Malaysia from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023.

Case report: Acute macular neuroretinopathy post-COVID-19 infection.

Significance: Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) is a rare disease that causes transient or permanent visual disturbance. The exact etiology remains unknown, but vascular compromise of the deep retinal capillary plexus was postulated as the main mechanism. Retinal vascular event post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is recently highlighted during the pandemic, which includes AMN.

A Case Series of Eye Removal Surgeries: Five Years of Experience at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre in Malaysia.

Background: Eye removal surgeries, also called anophthalmic surgeries, are usually performed for a painful blinded eye due to various underlying causes. In this case review, we intended to study the indications, the types of anophthalmic surgeries, and post-operative complications related to eye removal surgeries.

Method:  Five years of retrospective case review of surgical eye removals was conducted from 1st June 2018 to 31st May 2023 at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM), University of Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Anterior Scleritis With Ulcerative Colitis.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is an ocular emergency as it is sight-threatening and requires urgent surgical intervention. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease that can present with ocular manifestations. The objective of this case report is to share the rare presentation of RRD associated with UC leading to diagnosis and management dilemmas.

The Importance of Posterior Hyaloid Removal in a Case of Vitrectomy for Floaters in High Myopia.

A 61-year-old Malaysian Chinese man who has high myopia complained of both eye floaters. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the macula showed bilateral posterior staphyloma with right eye (RE) foveoschisis without macula detachment, which had been stable for a seven-year follow-up. When bilateral YAG laser vitreolysis could not alleviate his symptoms, he underwent pars plana vitrectomy with the inducement of posterior vitreous detachment, first in the left eye, followed by the RE one month later.

Atopic Dermatitis Leading to Blindness: A Frequently Forgotten Sequelae.

A 12-year-old boy with underlying severeand poorly controlled atopic dermatitis (AD) associated with atopic conjunctivitis and rhinitis presented with a right painless blurring of vision for two weeks. On examination, his right eye visual acuity was 1/60,with grade 1 relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). Anterior segment examination revealed anterior uveitis with dense posterior subcapsular cataract and hazy fundus view.

Usage of topical insulin for the treatment of diabetic keratopathy, including corneal epithelial defects.

Background: Diabetic keratopathy (DK) occurs in 46%-64% of patients with diabetes and requires serious attention. In patients with diabetes, the healing of corneal epithelial defects or ulcers takes longer than in patients without diabetes. Insulin is an effective factor in wound healing.

Impact of Postponement of Appointments on Vision and Psychological Well-Being Among Outpatients Attending Ophthalmology Clinics: A Malaysian Perspective.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-frontline medical disciplines, including ophthalmology, were advised to minimize their services to channel crucial healthcare resources to manage the surge in COVID-19 cases. The ophthalmology department postponed all non-urgent appointments and elective surgical procedures. However, little is known about the visual and mental health impact of these changes in ophthalmology services.

Case report: Outer lamellar macular hole and outer retinal detachment within myopic foveoschisis post-cataract surgery.

Background: This study aimed to report a case of outer lamellar macular hole and outer retinal detachment within myopic foveoschisis (MF) post-cataract surgery.

Case Presentation: An elderly female patient with bilateral high myopia and pre-existing myopic foveoschisis underwent uncomplicated sequential cataract surgeries 2 weeks apart. She was able to achieve a satisfactory visual outcome for her left eye with stable myopic foveoschisis and visual acuity of 6/7.

Clinical Study on Corneal Topographical Changes in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis by Using OCULUS Pentacam®.

Purpose: To evaluate the corneal topographical changes in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) subjects using OCULUS Pentacam.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

Methods: VKC patients and normal subjects who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited by convenience sampling into the study.

Review of Evidence for the Usage of Antioxidants for Eye Aging.

Oxidative stress is one of the common factors leading to age-related eye diseases in older adults. Factors such as high oxygen consumption, high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cumulative exposure to high-energy visible light in the eyes, lead to excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, hence triggering apoptosis of ocular cells and giving rise to ophthalmic diseases. Dietary supplements such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, and vitamins have antioxidant properties which may be of benefit in retaining better vision or reversing vision impairment; thus, studies have been conducted to understand the role of dietary supplements in the treatment or prevention of ophthalmic diseases.

The effectiveness of laser vitreolysis for vitreous floaters in posterior vitreous detachment.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of laser vitreolysis in terms of contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and vision-related quality of life (VRQol) for symptomatic floaters due to posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).

Materials: This is an interventional study that involved 57 eyes of 45 patients with symptomatic floaters for more than 3 months. Patients underwent one to three sessions of vitreolysis via Neodymiun-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser.

Bacterial contamination of non-contact condensing lenses in National University of Malaysia Hospital isolated using BD BACTEC Peds Plus/F broth bottles versus conventional culture plates.

Non-contact condensing lenses (NCLL) are a requirement in ophthalmology examinations. To date, there have been no studies on the types of bacteria found on handheld lenses used to examine patients in an ophthalmology clinic. The BD BACTEC Peds Plus broth (BACTEC-PP) culture method can isolate more organisms as compared to conventional culture plates (CCP) from NCLL.

The Relationship Between Choroidal and Photoreceptor Layer Thickness With Visual Acuity in Highly Myopic Eyes.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the choroidal and photoreceptor thickness in highly myopic eyes and its correlation with visual acuity.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational study involving 57 eyes of 57 highly myopic subjects [spherical equivalent ≥ -6 diopters (D) or axial length ≥ 26 mm] seen in a tertiary institutional center. Eyes with any clinical evidence of maculopathy or amblyopia were excluded.

Therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in rats with optic nerve injury.

Purpose: There are no effective treatments currently available for optic nerve transection injuries. Stem cell therapy represents a feasible future treatment option. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) transplantation in rats with optic nerve injury.

A Rare Occurrence of Craniopharyngioma Causing Visual Disturbance in Pregnancy.

Craniopharyngioma is a rare and benign sellar and suprasellar region tumour. It rarely manifests during pregnancy. We report a 32-year-old primigravida at 19 weeks of gestation with a craniopharyngioma, presenting with visual disturbances during pregnancy.

Retinal Racemose Hemangioma With Optic Neuropathy in a Child.

The aim of this study is to report an unusual case of retinal racemose haemangioma (RRH) in a child resulting in optic neuropathy and its optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) findings. This is a retrospective case report. For almost a year, a 13-year-old girl experienced gradual, painless, generalized blurred vision in her right eye.

Pneumodescemetopexy With a Lower Concentration of Perfluoropropane (10% C3F8) in Descemet Membrane Detachment.

A 75-year-old man with underlying left eye idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease and bilateral glaucoma suspect with cup disc ratio 0.7 underwent right eye phacoemulsification. Intraoperatively, Descemet tear and Descemet membrane detachment (DMD) occurred.