AAST multicenter prospective analysis of prehospital tourniquet use for extremity trauma.

Background: Tourniquet use for extremity hemorrhage control has seen a recent increase in civilian usage. Previous retrospective studies demonstrated that tourniquets improve outcomes for major extremity trauma (MET). No prospective study has been conducted to date.

The trajectory of a low-velocity bullet from the chest to the pituitary gland.

The diagnosis and treatment of gunshot injuries requires an understanding of the trajectory of the bullet in each individual case. The majority of gunshot wounds present with easily understandable trajectories resulting in a concise, stream-lined work-up. Occasionally, the initial work-up may reveal a trajectory that is atypical.

Effector γδ T cells in human renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease.

Background: γδ T cells are effector lymphocytes recognized as key players during chronic inflammatory processes. Mouse studies suggest a pathological role for γδ T cells in models of kidney disease. Here we evaluated γδ T cells in human native kidneys with tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the pathological hallmark of chronic kidney disease.

Interferon-γ production by tubulointerstitial human CD56 natural killer cells contributes to renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease progression.

Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of lymphoid cells that play a significant role in mediating innate immune responses. Studies in mice suggest a pathological role for NK cells in models of kidney disease. In this study, we characterized the NK cell subsets present in native kidneys of patients with tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the pathological hallmark of chronic kidney disease.