Effects of folate deficiency and sex on carcinogenesis in a mouse model of oral cancer.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of dietary folate and sex on histopathology of oral squamous cell carcinoma in mice.

Materials And Methods: Mice (C57Bl/6, 30/sex) were fed either a deficient folate or sufficient folate diet. Vehicle or 4-nitroquinoline1-oxide (50 μg/mL) in vehicle were administered in drinking water for 20 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of regular drinking water.

The microbiome of an outpatient rehabilitation clinic and predictors of contamination: A pilot study.

Background: Understanding sources of microbial contamination in outpatient rehabilitation (REHAB) clinics is important to patients and healthcare providers.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbiome of an outpatient REHAB clinic and examine relationships between clinic factors and contamination.

Methods: Forty commonly contacted surfaces in an outpatient REHAB clinic were observed for frequency of contact and swiped using environmental sample collection kits.

Dentin primer based on a highly functionalized gelatin-methacryloyl hydrogel.

Unlabelled: Gelatin-methacryloyl hydrogels (GelMA) have demonstrated their utility as scaffolds in a variety of tissue engineering applications.

Objectives: In this study, a highly functionalized GelMA hydrogel was synthesized and assessed for degree of functionalization. As the proposed GelMA hydrogel was coupled to a visible-light photoinitiator, we hypothesized it might serve as base to formulate a model dentin primer for application in restorative dentistry.

Fat and exposure to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide causes histologic and inflammatory changes in murine livers.

Risk factors for liver cancer include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, obesity, and male sex. Administration of 4-nitroquinonline-1-oxide (4NQO) in drinking water mimics the effects of tobacco and leads to oral carcinoma in mice. This study compared the effects of diets high and low in saturated fat (HF and LF, respectively), and sex, on liver histopathology in 4NQO-treated mice and controls.

Dietary folic acid deficiency impacts hippocampal morphology and cortical acetylcholine metabolism in adult male and female mice.

Objective: One-carbon (1C) metabolism is a metabolic network that integrates nutritional signals with biosynthesis, redox homeostasis, and epigenetics. There are sex differences in hepatic 1C metabolism, however, it is unclear whether sex differences in 1C impact the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate if sex modulates the effects of dietary folic acid deficiency, the main component of 1C, in brain tissue using a mouse model.

The role of Nodal and Cripto-1 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity. Nodal and Cripto-1 (CR-1) are important developmental morphogens expressed in several adult cancers and are associated with disease progression. Whether Nodal and CR-1 are simultaneously expressed in the same tumor and how this affects cancer biology are unclear.

Selective Regional Alteration of the Gut Microbiota by Diet and Antibiotics.

The small intestinal microbiota has recently been implicated in contributing to metabolic disease. We previously demonstrated that diets rich in saturated milk fat have a particularly strong impact on the small bowel microbiota as opposed to more distal gastrointestinal (GI) regions. However, the impact of antibiotics and diet on the small bowel microbiota has not been clearly demonstrated.

Dietary fat and male sex increase histopathological changes in a mouse model of oral cancer.

Objective: To compare the effects of dietary fat and sex on murine oral squamous cell carcinoma pathology.

Materials And Methods: Male and female C57Bl/6 mice (36/sex) received a low-fat (10 kcal%) or high-fat (60 kcal%) diet. Water (control), vehicle, or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in vehicle (50 μg/ml) was provided for 17 weeks followed by six additional weeks of water.

Exercise prevents high fat diet-induced bone loss, marrow adiposity and dysbiosis in male mice.

High fat diets can have detrimental effects on the skeleton as well as cause intestinal dysbiosis. Exercise prevents high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and also improves bone density and prevents the intestinal dysbiosis that promotes energy storage. Previous studies indicate a link between intestinal microbial balance and bone health.

Self-Perceived Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, and Use of Evidence-Based Dentistry Among Practitioners Transitioning to Dental Educators.

Dental practitioners transitioning to dental educators (PTEs) have an integral role in dental education. While PTEs intrinsically apply some form of evidence-based dentistry (EBD) in patient care, it may not be a standardized, systematic approach. The aims of this study were to determine the self-perceived knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors of PTEs regarding EBD at one U.

Professionalism in Physician Assistant, Physical Therapist, Occupational Therapist, Clinical Psychology, and Biomedical Sciences Students.

Unlabelled: Interprofessional collaboration for healthcare requires a better understanding of the commonalities and differences in student perceptions of professionalism.

Methods: 217 students in five programs (PA 71, PT 46, OT 29, CP 12, and BMS 59) completed a 22-item survey (response rate 79.5%).

Exercise prevents weight gain and alters the gut microbiota in a mouse model of high fat diet-induced obesity.

Background: Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is a significant health concern which has been linked to structural and functional changes in the gut microbiota. Exercise (Ex) is effective in preventing obesity, but whether Ex alters the gut microbiota during development with high fat (HF) feeding is unknown.

Objective: Determine the effects of voluntary Ex on the gastrointestinal microbiota in LF-fed mice and in HF-DIO.

Erythropoietin protects intestinal epithelial barrier function and lowers the incidence of experimental neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

The impermeant nature of the intestinal barrier is maintained by tight junctions (TJs) formed between adjacent intestinal epithelial cells. Disruption of TJs and loss of barrier function are associated with a number of gastrointestinal diseases, including neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal diseases in preterm infants. Human milk is protective against NEC, and the human milk factor erythropoietin (Epo) has been shown to protect endothelial cell-cell and blood-brain barriers.

Inducible heat shock protein 70 prevents multifocal flat dysplastic lesions and invasive tumors in an inflammatory model of colon cancer.

Background: Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) regulates protein biosynthesis and refolding of denatured proteins. Since Hsp70 participates in recovery from stress injury, we examined the effect of Hsp70 genetic deletion in the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of inflammation and colon cancer.

Methods: Hsp70 mutant mice (Hsp70.

Flagellin is required for salmonella-induced expression of heat shock protein Hsp25 in intestinal epithelium.

Flagellin is a bacterial protein responsible for activation of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), which we hypothesize is involved in Salmonella's induction of cytoprotective heat shock proteins in intestinal epithelial cells. Flagellin induces the cytoprotective heat shock protein Hsp25 in different intestinal epithelial cell lines and in mouse intestine. Flagellin induces Hsp25 expression in a time-dependent manner in vitro.

Translational inhibition of colonic epithelial heat shock proteins by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in intestinal inflammation.

Background & Aims: Inducible heat shock proteins (iHsp), Hsp25/27 and Hsp70, play essential roles in protecting cells against stress and, in intestinal mucosal inflammation, potentially lessening the extent and severity of injury. We examined the expression and regulation of iHsp in human and experimental inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and in vitro.

Methods: iHsp expression and regulation were assessed in normal and IBD colonic biopsy specimens, IL-10(-/-) mice, and young adult mouse colonic epithelial cells by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Dynorphin activates quorum sensing quinolone signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

There is now substantial evidence that compounds released during host stress directly activate the virulence of certain opportunistic pathogens. Here, we considered that endogenous opioids might function as such compounds, given that they are among the first signals to be released at multiple tissue sites during host stress. We tested the ability of various opioid compounds to enhance the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using pyocyanin production as a biological readout, and demonstrated enhanced virulence when P.

Recognition of intestinal epithelial HIF-1alpha activation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Human intestinal epithelial cell monolayers (Caco-2) subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation release soluble factors into the apical medium that activate the virulence of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to express the potent barrier-dysregulating protein PA-I lectin/adhesin. In this study, we defined the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha in this response. We tested the ability of medium from Caco-2 cells with forced expression of HIF-1alpha to increase PA-I expression in P.

Role and regulation of intestinal epithelial heat shock proteins in health and disease.

Mucosal injury and inflammation are cardinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), arising when the effects of cytotoxic factors and conditions overwhelm the cell's capacity for defense (i.e. cytoprotection) or repair.