pH-dependent evolution of five-star gold nanostructures: an experimental and computational study.

Dendritic structures, such as snowflakes, have been observed in nature in far-from-equilibrium growth conditions. Mimicking these structures at the nanometer scale can result in nanomaterials with interesting properties for applications, such as plasmonics and biosensors. However, reliable production and systematic fine-tuning morphologies of these nanostructures, with novel hierarchical or complex structures, along with theoretical understanding of these processes, are still major challenges in the field.