Problematic parental substance use, childhood family structures and adverse outcomes in young adulthood.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between childhood family structures, including the presence or absence of problematic parental substance use (PPSU), and adverse outcomes during adolescence/young adulthood. The study population included 9,770 young people (aged 15-25 years) from samples drawn for two national surveys in Denmark during 2014-2015. By combining surveys with national register data, five types of childhood family structures were constructed based on whether the child experienced PPSU and/or family separation and the number of years the child lived with a parent with substance use problems.

The impact of parental substance use disorder and other family-related problems on school related outcomes.

Aims: To identify young people with different levels of family-related problems, including parental substance use disorder (PSUD), and investigate differences in grades at graduation from compulsory school and further enrollment in education.

Methods: Participants included 6784 emerging adults (aged 15-25 years) from samples drawn for two national surveys in Denmark 2014-2015. Latent classes were constructed using the following parental variables: PSUD, offspring not living with both parents, and parental criminality, mental disorders, chronic diseases and long-term unemployment.

The predictive value of brief measures of externalizing behavior and internalizing problems in young people receiving substance use treatment: A secondary analysis.

Background: Identifying people at risk of poor outcomes following treatment for substance use disorders is important for developing tailored services. The aim of this study was to test whether a brief measure of internalizing and externalizing behavior could identify young adults at high risk of psychiatric care episodes and criminal offending up to four years after enrolment in treatment for substance use disorder.

Methods: Clients aged 15-25 years from a randomized multicenter study were included (N = 457).

Substance-Related Problems in Adolescents with ADHD-Diagnoses: The Importance of Self-Reported Conduct Problems.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a known risk factor for substance-related problems (SRP) during adolescence, but the nature of this relationship and the importance of co-occurring conduct problems are not fully understood.

Methods: Data stem from a linked dataset between a large population-based survey conducted in 2012 of Norwegian adolescents aged 16 to 19, and registry-based data from specialized child and adolescent mental health services ( = 9,411).

Results: Adolescents with "ADHD + high conduct problems" had increased risk of SRP (odds ratios = 2.

Youth's personal relationships, psychological symptoms, and the use of different substances: A population-based study.

Externalising symptoms and peer influence are well-established predictors of youth's substance use in general. However, there is little integrative research that compares the relative contribution of psychological and social relationship characteristics as predictors of the use of specific substances among youth in different developmental stages. A representative sample of Danish adolescents (  =  1,168) and emerging adults (EA;   =  1,878) reported last-month prevalence use of cigarettes, cannabis, and other illicit drugs (OID), and four indices of alcohol use.

Effects of contingency management and use of reminders for drug use treatment on readmission and criminality among young people: A linkage study of a randomized trial.

Introduction: An increasing number of adolescents and emerging adults are entering treatment for drug use disorders in high-income countries. This fact points not only to a need to evaluate treatment outcomes related to drug use reduction, but also to evaluate other indicators of treatment success. The aim of this study was to examine treatment effects on predicting readmission to drug use treatment and being convicted for a criminal offence among youth.

Voucher Reinforcement Decreases Psychiatric Symptoms in Young People in Treatment for Drug Use Disorders - A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: This multicenter, parallel randomized, open study examined the effect of using vouchers and session reminders as an added element to outpatient treatment for drug use disorders in youth. It was hypothesized that being randomly assigned to a contingency management condition would lead to a reduction of psychiatric symptoms, and that this reduction would be mediated through abstinence and treatment completion.

Methods: A total of 460 participants aged 15 to 25 years from nine outpatient sites were randomized to one of four treatment conditions (standard treatment alone [STD], i.

Estimating perceived parental substance use disorder: Using register data to adjust for non-participation in survey research.

Aims: To estimate the prevalence of parental substance use disorder (PSUD) in the general population based on young adults' reports adjusted for non-participation using register-based indicators of PSUD.

Design: A national sample survey study combined with a retrospective register-based study. Setting Denmark.

ILC-OPI: impulsive lifestyle counselling versus cognitive behavioral therapy to improve retention of patients with opioid use disorders and externalizing behavior: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, controlled, superiority trial.

Background: Substance use disorders show a high comorbidity with externalizing behavior difficulties, creating treatment challenges, including difficulties with compliance, a high risk of conflict, and a high rate of offending post-treatment. Compared with people with other substance use disorders those with opioid use disorders have the highest risk of criminal activity, but studies on the evidence base for psychosocial treatment in opioid agonist treatment (OAT) are scarce. The Impulsive Lifestyle Counselling (ILC) program may be associated with better retention and outcomes among difficult-to-treat patients with this comorbidity.

The impact of poly-traumatization on treatment outcomes in young people with substance use disorders.

Background: It is believed that clients with psychological trauma experiences have a poor prognosis with regard to treatment participation and outcomes for substance use disorders. However, knowledge on the effect of the number of trauma experiences is scarce.

Methods: Using data from drug use disorder (DUD) treatment in Denmark, we assessed the impact of having experienced multiple potentially traumatic experiences on DUD treatment efficacy.

Group versus individual treatment for substance use disorders: a study protocol for the COMDAT trial.

Background: Alcohol and other drug use disorders contribute substantially to the global burden of illness. The majority of people with substance use disorders do not receive any treatment for their problems, and developing treatments that are attractive and effective to patients should be a priority. However, whether treatment is best delivered in a group format or an individual format has only been studied to a very limited degree.

Vouchers versus reminders to prevent dropout: Findings from the randomized youth drug abuse treatment project (youthDAT project).

Background: Over the last few decades, evidence-based treatments for emerging adults with drug use disorder (DUD) have been developed, but dropout and inconsistent session attendance persist. This study assessed the efficacy of voucher reinforcement and/or text reminders for treatment attendance and completion in emerging adults with DUD in Denmark.

Methods: The study compared four levels of treatment intensity, with participants randomly assigned to standard outpatient counseling only (STD), outpatient counseling plus vouchers for attendance (VOU), outpatient counseling plus text reminders (REM), or outpatient counseling plus vouchers and text reminders (REM + VOU).

The prediction of resilience to alcohol consumption in youths: insular and subcallosal cingulate myeloarchitecture.

Background: The prediction of alcohol consumption in youths and particularly biomarkers of resilience, is critical for early intervention to reduce the risk of subsequent harmful alcohol use.

Methods: At baseline, the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1), indexing grey matter myelination (i.e.

The myeloarchitecture of impulsivity: premature responding in youth is associated with decreased myelination of ventral putamen.

Impulsivity has been suggested as a neurocognitive endophenotype conferring risk across a number of neuropsychiatric conditions, including substance and behavioural addictions, eating disorders, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We used a paradigm with interspecies translation validity (the four-choice serial reaction time task, 4CSRTT) to assess 'waiting' impulsivity in a youth sample (N = 99, aged 16-26 years). We collected magnetization prepared two rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP2RAGE) scans, which enabled us to measure R1, the longitudinal relaxation rate, a parameter closely related to tissue myelin content, as well as quantify grey matter volume.

Pupillary reactivity to alcohol cues as a predictive biomarker of alcohol relapse following treatment in a pilot study.

Rationale: Identifying the predictors of relapse in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients is crucial for effective surveillance procedures and the optimization of treatment. Physiological measures such as functional MRI activity and heart rate variability have been shown as potential markers of relapse prediction.

Objectives: Our aim was to assess differential pupillary reactions to alcohol-related cues as an objective physiological candidate predictor of relapse.

Distraction towards contextual alcohol cues and craving are associated with levels of alcohol use among youth.

Background: Controlling drinking behaviour requires the ability to block out distracting alcohol cues in situations in which drinking is inappropriate or harmful. However, at present few studies have investigated whether distraction and response inhibition to contextual alcohol cues are related to alcohol use in adolescents and young adults. We aimed to investigate whether tendencies towards distraction and failures of response inhibition in the presence of contextual alcohol cues, and alcohol craving were associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption, beyond what could be explained by demographic variables.

Prospective associations between childhood externalising and internalising problems and adolescent alcohol and drug use: The Bergen Child Study.

Aims: The literature on associations between internalising problems and subsequent alcohol/drug use and problems shows mixed results, and it is important to consider different aspects of internalising problems along with co-occurring externalising problems.

Methods: In a longitudinal study ( = 2438) followed up when the subjects were 7-9, 11-13, and 16-19 years of age, we investigated associations between parent/teacher-reported externalising and internalising problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) and adolescent self-reported alcohol and illicit drug use and problems. Socioeconomic status (SES), gender, and age were included as potential confounding variables.

Impulsivity traits and addiction-related behaviors in youth.

Background and aims Impulsivity is a risk factor for addictive behaviors. The UPPS-P impulsivity model has been associated with substance addiction and gambling disorder, but its role in other non-substance addiction-related behaviors is less understood. We sought to examine associations between UPPS-P impulsivity traits and indicators of multiple substance and non-substance addiction-related behaviors in youth with varying involvement in these behaviors.

Externalizing behavior problems are related to substance use in adolescents across six samples from Nordic countries.

The aim of this study is to investigate associations between use of cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol (CCA) and psychosocial problems among adolescents with different cultural backgrounds living in Nordic countries. Data from six questionnaire-based surveys conducted in Denmark, Norway, and Greenland, with participants from different cultural and religious backgrounds, were compared. A total of 2212 adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age participated in the study.

Drug-related predictors of readmission for schizophrenia among patients admitted to treatment for drug use disorders.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia and comorbid drug use disorders (DUD) have a severe course of illness. Despite strong evidence that drug use can exacerbate psychotic symptoms, we have limited knowledge of how specific drugs may increase risk of schizophrenia readmission in this group. This study aimed to assess drug-related predictors of readmission for schizophrenia among a national cohort of patients with a history of schizophrenia admitted to DUD treatment.

Mapping risk factors for substance use: Introducing the YouthMap12.

Background: In adolescence, psychological problems and regular use of alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis and other drugs (AOD) tend to cluster together, strongly indicating that certain groups of young people are at elevated risk of developing a problematic use of AOD.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to develop an easy-to-implement screening instrument to identify subgroups of young people with different psychological problems at risk of problem use of AOD.

Method: 3589 randomly selected young Danes between 15 and 25years of age, from a national survey (n=2702) and a municipality survey (n=887), answered a 12-item questionnaire (YouthMap12) with 6 items identifying externalizing problems (EP6) and 6 items identifying internalizing problems (IP6).

Abstinence-orientated residential rehabilitation of opioid users in Denmark: do changes in national treatment policies affect treatment outcome?

Aims: Significant changes in the Danish drug-abuse treatment system occurred from 1998 to 2008, allowing the opportunity to study their impact on outcomes for opiate dependent patients. This paper examines whether such changes are related to possible changes in abstinence rates of two cohorts of drug users.

Methods: We compared survival curves and the month-by-month probability of abstinence between cohorts of drug abusers who were followed for one year after treatment for opioid dependence in 1998 (n = 305) and in 2008 (n = 204).

A simple risk scoring system for prediction of relapse after inpatient alcohol treatment.

Predicting relapse after alcoholism treatment can be useful in targeting patients for aftercare services. However, a valid and practical instrument for predicting relapse risk does not exist. Based on a prospective study of alcoholism treatment, we developed the Risk of Alcoholic Relapse Scale (RARS) using items taken from the Addiction Severity Index and some basic demographic information.