"Hot Tongue and Mouth" on 18F-FDG PET/CT Due to Buccolingual Masticatory Syndrome, Caused by Metoclopramide Antiemetic Treatment.

We present a case of a 66-year-old man, where 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed intense FDG uptake in the tongue, lips, cheeks, and chewing musculature and distinct activation of the somatosensory and motor cortex corresponding to the mouth and tongue. The patient suffered from buccolingual masticatory syndrome, characterized by tardive dyskinesia, meaning uncontrollable, repetitive movements of the tongue, lips, cheeks, and masticatory musculature. In this case, the buccolingual masticatory syndrome was caused by metoclopramide antiemetic treatment.

Whole-body parametric mapping of tumour perfusion in metastatic prostate cancer using long axial field-of-view [O]HO PET.

Purpose: Tumour perfusion is a nutrient-agnostic biomarker for cancer metabolic rate. Use of tumour perfusion for cancer growth assessment has been limited by complicated image acquisition, image analysis and limited field-of-view scanners. Long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET scan using [O]HO, allows quantitative assessment of whole-body tumour perfusion.

Splenic switch-off in [O]HO-positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging using parametric blood flow images.

Background: Evaluation of sufficient adenosine response constitutes a significant challenge in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Splenic switch-off in MPI studies denotes a visually (qualitatively) reduced splenic radiotracer signal during adenosine stress and is considered indicative of sufficient cardiac vasodilation. In this study, we examined semi-quantitative and quantitative approaches to splenic switch-off assessment using [O]HO-PET with either summed activity images or calculated parametric splenic blood flow images.

PSMA PET/CT for Primary Staging of Prostate Cancer - An Updated Overview.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT for primary staging of prostate cancer is becoming increasingly popular due to simultaneous assessment of whole-body disease burden, with superior sensitivity and specificity for detecting metastases compared to conventional imaging. PSMA PET in combination with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) improves the sensitivity of assessment of extra-prostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion compared to mpMRI alone, and may serve as a second line modality for image-guided biopsy in selected patients with negative mpMRI and/or negative primary biopsies. The superior diagnostic accuracy of PSMA PET/CT affects clinical decision-making with a change of clinical management in one-fourth of patients compared to conventional imaging.

Multiparametric dynamic whole-body PSMA PET/CT using [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [F]PSMA-1007.

Background: Routine prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) performed for primary staging or restaging of prostate cancer patients is usually done as a single static image acquisition 60 min after tracer administration. In this study, we employ dynamic whole-body (D-WB) PET imaging to compare the pharmacokinetics of [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [F]PSMA-1007 in various tissues and lesions, and to assess whether Patlak parametric images are quantitative and improve lesion detection and image readability.

Methods: Twenty male patients with prostate cancer were examined using a D-WB PSMA PET protocol.

Skeletal "Superscan" With 11 C-Methionine PET/CT in Polycythemia Vera.

11 C-methionine PET/CT for parathyroid adenoma localization on a 60-year-old woman known with polycythemia vera revealed highly methionine-avid red bone marrow, an uptake pattern that has previously been described in hematological disease such as multiple myeloma. An equivalent skeletal "superscan" pattern in polycythemia vera has been described with other PET tracers, but this case illustrates that this pattern can be seen with 11 C-methionine PET/CT as well and can be added to the list of potential pitfalls.

Extracardiac findings with increased perfusion during clinical O-15-HO PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging: A case series.

Background: Coincidental extracardiac findings with increased perfusion were reported during myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with various retention radiotracers. Clinical parametric O-15-HO PET MPI yielding quantitative measures of myocardial blood flow (MBF) was recently implemented at our facility. We aim to explore whether similar extracardiac findings are observed using O-15-HO.

Recurrence rate after radical prostatectomy following primary staging of high-risk prostate cancer with Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

Background: Accurate primary staging is one of the most important issues for initial management of prostate cancer (PCa) patients to perform an optimal selection of patients for curative intended treatment. Ga-Prostate-Specific-Membrane-Antigen (PSMA) PET/CT was found superior to conventional imaging both for detection of recurrence after curative intended treatment and for primary staging. We studied the recurrence rate after radical prostatectomy in high-risk PCa patients primary staged with Ga-PSMA PET/CT compared with conventional imaging.

A genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen identifies novel PARP inhibitor resistance genes in prostate cancer.

DNA repair gene mutations are frequent in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), suggesting eligibility for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) treatment. However, therapy resistance is a major clinical challenge and genes contributing to PARPi resistance are poorly understood. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen, this study aimed at identifying genes involved in PARPi resistance in CRPC.

Evaluation of Predictors of Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Patients, as Detected by Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

Objectives: To explore the existence of new predictors of the Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) PET/CT detection rate at biochemical recurrence (BCR) and to determine the detection rate of Ga-PSMA PET/CT dependent of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.

Materials And Methods: In total, 189 PCa patients scanned with Ga-PSMA PET/CT for detection of BCR after curatively intended treatment with either radical prostatectomy ( = 153) or radiotherapy ( = 36) were included. Clinicopathological information at the time of diagnosis (PSA, clinical tumor-stage, International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group and whether Ga-PSMA PET/CT was used for primary staging), treatment (RT/RP and histopathology of the prostatectomies), and pre-PET PSA were collected from medical records.

Potential synergy between PSMA uptake and tumour blood flow for prediction of human prostate cancer aggressiveness.

Background: Both prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) uptake and tumour blood flow (TBF) correlate with International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group (GG) and hence prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential synergistic benefit of combining the two physiologic parameters for separating significant PCa from insignificant findings.

Methods: From previous studies of [Rb]Rb positron emission tomography (PET) TBF in PCa, the 43 patients that underwent clinical [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET were selected for this retrospective study.

Avid 68Ga-PSMA Uptake in Periappendicular Abscess.

Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT for primary staging of high-risk prostate cancer revealed increased Ga-PSMA uptake in a known periappendicular abscess in a patient, who had undergone surgical drainage of the abscess 1 month earlier. The case presents another example of Ga-PSMA uptake in a benign infectious and inflammatory condition.

Tumour blood flow for prediction of human prostate cancer aggressiveness: a study with Rubidium-82 PET, MRI and Na/K-ATPase-density.

Purpose: Tumour blood flow (TBF) is a crucial determinant of cancer growth. Recently, we validated Rubidium-82 (Rb) positron emission tomography (PET) for TBF measurement in prostate cancer (PCa) and found TBF and cancer aggressiveness positively correlated. The aims of the present study were to determine the ability of TBF for separating significant from insignificant PCa and to examine the relation to underlying Na/K-ATPase density, which is relevant as Rb is transported intracellularly via the Na/K-ATPase.

Ga-PSMA PET/CT for Primary Lymph Node and Distant Metastasis NM Staging of High-Risk Prostate Cancer.

With the largest high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) cohort to date undergoing Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT primary staging, we aimed to, first, characterize the metastatic spread of PCa in relation to tumor Ga-PSMA uptake and the D'Amico classification and, second, compare Ga-PSMA PET/CT findings with radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) histopathology findings. The study included 691 consecutive newly diagnosed, biopsy-proven, treatment-naïve, D'Amico high-risk PCa patients primary-staged by Ga-PSMA PET/CT. PSMA SUV and metastatic findings were compared with prostate-specific antigen level, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade, and clinical stage as traditional risk stratification parameters.

Renal Potassium Excretion Visualized on Rubidium PET/CT.

The positron emission tomography (PET) flow tracer Rubidium is a known potassium analogue. During our studies of tumor blood flow in prostate cancer, we found that approximately 10% of the patients had high urinary Rubidium activity. In roughly half of these patients, the increased renal rubidium/potassium excretion was either causing hypokalemia or explained by Thiazide treatment.

68Ga-PSMA Uptake in Escherichia coli Spondylodiscitis.

In a patient with recently diagnosed intermediate-risk prostate cancer, Ga-prostate-specific-membrane-antigen (PSMA) PET/CT for primary staging discovered increased Ga-PSMA uptake in spondylodiscitis in the thoracic spine. The bacteria Escherichia coli was found both in blood cultures and bone biopsies from the thoracic lesion. This case presents spondylodiscitis as a potential benign pitfall to be aware of when interpreting PSMA PET/CT in prostate cancer patients.

Repeatability of tumor blood flow quantification with Rubidium PET/CT in prostate cancer - a test-retest study.

Background: Non-invasive tumor blood flow (TBF) quantification is a candidate approach for risk stratification and monitoring of prostate cancer patients. Validation data have recently been published on prostate TBF measurement with the widely used positron emission tomography (PET) flow tracer Rubidium (Rb). However, no test-retest data is available for TBF measurement with Rb PET in prostate cancer.

No Added Value of F-Sodium Fluoride PET/CT for the Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer with Normal Bone Scintigraphy.

The aim of this study was to determine if additional F-sodium fluoride PET/CT (NaF PET/CT) improves the prognostic accuracy in the initial staging of prostate cancer patients with normal bone scintigraphy undergoing prostatectomy. A prospective cohort study examined NaF PET/CT in intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer with negative bone scintigraphy who were scheduled for prostatectomy. Biochemical response: PSA levels < 0.

Quantitative Tumor Perfusion Imaging with Rb PET/CT in Prostate Cancer: Analytic and Clinical Validation.

The aim of this work was to evaluate Rb PET/CT as a diagnostic tool for quantitative tumor blood flow (TBF) imaging in prostate cancer (PCa). Study 1 was performed to evaluate Rb as a marker of TBF, using O-HO PET as a reference method. Study 2 investigated the ability of Rb uptake measurements to differentiate between PCa and normal prostate.

68Ga-PSMA Uptake in Anal Fistula on PET/CT Scan.

Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT scan for primary staging discovered increased Ga-PSMA uptake in a known anal fistula in a recently diagnosed high-risk prostate cancer patient. The patient had an ongoing history of surgical revisions of complex fistulas in the perianal region, contributing to active inflammation and infection. Recently, reports have demonstrated increased Ga-PSMA uptake in different benign inflammatory conditions.

Benign Esophageal Findings on 68Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT Scan.

In 2 high-risk prostate cancer patients, PET scans revealed focally increased Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen uptake in the distal esophagus. Both patients had hiatus herniation on gastroscopy, and esophageal biopsies revealed acute and chronic inflammation in both patients and a benign hyperplastic polyp in one of the patients. Recently, reports have demonstrated that inflammation can cause false-positive findings on Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT, and these cases present this phenomenon in the esophagus as well.

Lumbar Osteophyte Avid on 68Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT.

A 75-year-old man with recently diagnosed high-risk prostate cancer was referred for primary staging with Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT. The scan revealed intense Ga-PSMA uptake in a lumbar osteophyte on the right side of level L2/L3, whereas several other spinal osteophytes showed no Ga-PSMA uptake. MRI findings in the L3 vertebra was consistent with a benign Modic type 1 lesion, but MRI showed no signs of malignancy in the osteophyte with high Ga-PMSA uptake.

Prospective comparative study of F-sodium fluoride PET/CT and planar bone scintigraphy for treatment response assessment of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer.

Aim: To compare F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography (NaF PET/CT) and Tc-labelled diphosphonate bone scan (BS) for the monitoring of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer undergoing anti-cancer treatment.

Material And Methods: Data from 64 patients with prostate cancer were included. The patients received androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), next-generation hormonal therapy (NGH) or chemotherapy.

Follicular thyroid cancer avid on C-11 Methionine PET/CT.

Unlabelled: A case of follicular thyroid cancer with intense focal Methionine uptake on 11C-Methionine PET/CT is reported here. The use of 11C-Methionine PET in differentiated thyroid cancer is currently being investigated as a surrogate tracer compared to the more widely used 18F-FDG PET. This case illustrates the potential incremental value of this modality, not only in the localizing of parathyroid adenoma, but also indicating that 11C-Methionine PET might have a potential of increasing the pretest likelihood of thyroid malignancy in a cold nodule with highly increased Sestamibi uptake.

68Ga-PSMA Avid Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Lung With Complementary Low 18F-FDG Uptake.

Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan on a 70-year-old man with recently diagnosed prostate cancer revealed a spiculating nodule in the apex of the left lung with intense Ga-PSMA uptake. The nodule had no pathological F-FDG uptake and turned out to be a primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Cases with complementary pattern of uptake in F-FDG and Ga-PSMA in metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma and in well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma have previously been reported; however, this case illustrates that this unusual pattern can also be present in primary lung cancer.