Publications by authors named "Mads M Jensen"

Article Synopsis
  • Candle burning significantly contributes to indoor air pollution and interacts with secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from compounds like α-pinene.
  • The presence of candle emissions alters SOA properties, resulting in larger particle sizes, lower oxygen-to-carbon ratios, and shifts in the types of nitrogen-containing organic compounds.
  • This research highlights that candle burning influences the chemical and physical characteristics of particles from α-pinene reactions, affecting their volatility and distribution in indoor environments.
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Gastrointestinal function plays a pivotal role in nutrient absorption and overall digestive health. Abnormal gastric emptying is closely linked to type 2 diabetes, impacting blood glucose regulation and causing gastrointestinal symptoms. This study aims to investigate and compare segmental transit times, motility indices, and micromilieu between Greenlandic Inuit and Danish individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.

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Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of conditions such as ischemic stroke, dementia, and heart failure, and early detection is crucial. In Greenland, ischemic strokes are common, and the prevalences of AF risk factors are increasing. Studies based on 30-second electrocardiograms (ECGs) and diagnosis codes so far have indicated either a low prevalence of AF or a prevalence comparable to that in other Western countries, such as Denmark.

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Aerosol particles with rare specific properties act as nuclei for ice formation. The presence of ice nucleating particles in the atmosphere leads to heterogeneous freezing at warm temperatures and thus these particles play an important role in modulating microphysical properties of clouds. This work presents an ice nucleation cold stage instrument for measuring the concentration of ice nucleating particles in liquids.

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Objective: In the 2020 UNAIDS HIV treatment goals, 90% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) should be diagnosed, 90% of these should receive antiretroviral treatment (ART) and 90% of these should be virally suppressed. We aimed to evaluate whether Guinea-Bissau fulfills the 2020 treatment goals for both for HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Design: By combining data from a general population survey, treatment records from HIV clinics across Guinea-Bissau and a biobank from patients attending the largest HIV clinics in Bissau, we estimated each column of the 90-90-90 cascade.

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Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) are considered the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 testing but are technically challenging to perform and associated with discomfort. Alternative specimens for viral testing, such as oropharyngeal swabs (OPS) and nasal swabs, may be preferable, but strong evidence regarding their diagnostic sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 testing is still missing. We conducted a head-to-head prospective study to compare the sensitivity of NPS, OPS and nasal swabs specimens for SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing.

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Background: Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection (DCR) can be offered to patients with persistent acromioclavicular (AC) joint pain who do not benefit from conservative treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of combined arthroscopic DCR and concomitant arthroscopic subacromial decompression in a large consecutive and prospective cohort using patient-reported outcomes.

Methods: Consecutive patients were identified from our online database and included based on their primary treatment code.

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Background: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are early symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Between 20-80% of infected individuals report subjective altered sense of smell and/or taste during infection. Up to 2/3 of previously infected experience persistent olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction after 6 months.

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Background: The study aims to investigate the effect of stapedotomy on audiology measurements and the disease-specific health-related quality of life for patients with otosclerosis using the Danish Stapesplasty Outcome Test-25 as a quality of life measuring tool.

Methods: In this study, 50 patients who had undergone stapedotomy at our department between September 2017 and December 2020 were included. Data collection was performed by audiometric testing (pure tone and speech audiometry) in the pre- and postoperative settings.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study is a systematic review aimed at evaluating different treatment options for patients suffering from persistent coccydynia (pain in the tailbone).
  • A total of 1980 patients from 64 studies were assessed, revealing that radiofrequency therapy (RFT) provided the highest pain relief, while other methods like extracorporeal shockwave therapy and coccygectomy also showed significant improvements.
  • The findings suggest a stepwise approach to treatment, emphasizing starting with non-surgical methods before considering more invasive procedures like coccygectomy.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to explore factors linked to poor outcomes after coccygectomy in patients with chronic coccydynia and coccyx instability.
  • Data was analyzed from 134 patients who underwent the surgery, focusing on various demographic and health factors before and after the procedure.
  • The results showed no significant associations between these factors and poor outcomes, indicating that the studied parameters should not deter the surgery in similar patients.
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Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is produced by plankton in oceans and constitutes the largest natural emission of sulfur to the atmosphere. In this work, we examine new particle formation from the primary pathway of oxidation of gas-phase DMS by OH radicals. We particularly focus on particle growth and mass yield as studied experimentally under dry conditions using the atmospheric simulation chamber AURA.

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Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of coccygectomy in patients with persistent coccydynia and coccygeal instability.

Methods: The Danish National Spine Registry, DaneSpine, was used to identify 134 consecutive patients who underwent surgery, performed by a single surgeon between 2011 and 2019. Routine demographic data, surgical variables, and patient-reported outcomes, including a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0 to 100) for pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D), and the Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) were collected at baseline and one-year postoperatively.

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Introduction: The use of activity trackers has increased both among private consumers and in healthcare. It is therefore relevant to consider whether a consumer-graded activity tracker is comparable to or may substitute a research-graded activity tracker, which could further increase the use of activity trackers in healthcare and rehabilitation. Such use will require knowledge of their accuracy as the clinical implications may be significant.

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Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are prevalent in West Africa. To address the WHO 2030 goals of a 90% reduction in incidence and a 65% reduction in mortality for both infections, we assessed the prevalence of HBV and HCV from surveys in the general population.

Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional survey were included from randomly selected houses in a demographic surveillance site in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.

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Background: HIV-2 may slow progression of a subsequently acquired HIV-1 infection through cross-neutralizing antibodies and polyfunctional CD8 T cells. We hypothesized that HIV-1/2 dually infected patients compared with HIV-1-infected patients had more preserved immune maturation subsets and less immune activation of T and B cells.

Methods: ART-naive patients with HIV-1 (n = 83) or HIV-1/2 dual (n = 27) infections were included in this cross-sectional study at an HIV clinic in Guinea-Bissau.

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Background: The HIV-2 and HTLV-1 prevalences in Bissau have followed similar trends in surveys from 1996 and 2006 with HTLV-1 prevalences of 3.6% and 2.3%, respectively.

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Background: Plants and in particular grasses benefit from a high uptake of silicon (Si) which improves their growth and productivity by alleviating adverse effects of biotic and abiotic stress. However, the silicon present in plant tissues may have a negative impact on the processing and degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. Solutions to reduce the silicon content either by biomass engineering or development of downstream separation methods are therefore targeted.

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Background: Human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus discovered and there is an estimate of 15-20 million infected worldwide. Endemic areas are Japan, West Africa, Central Africa, South America, the Caribbean, Middle East, Australia and the Pacific Islands. In Guinea-Bissau, adult HTLV-1 prevalence is 2-3%, and higher among HIV-infected patients.

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Background: Lignin is known to hinder efficient enzymatic conversion of lignocellulose in biorefining processes. In particular, nonproductive adsorption of cellulases onto lignin is considered a key mechanism to explain how lignin retards enzymatic cellulose conversion in extended reactions.

Results: Lignin-rich residues (LRRs) were prepared via extensive enzymatic cellulose degradation of corn stover ( subsp.

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Article Synopsis
  • * After three days of decreasing pain, he experienced a high fever and increased ankle pain, leading to antibiotic treatment and evacuation.
  • * Surgical debridement revealed an infection from oral bacteria, highlighting that attempts to suck out venom are not recommended for stingray stings.
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Hydrothermal liquefaction is a promising technique for the production of bio-oil. The process produces an oil phase, a gas phase, a solid residue, and an aqueous phase. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is used to analyze the complex aqueous phase.

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A novel peptidase from thermophilic archaea Sulfolobus tokodaii (ST0779) is examined for its catalytic promiscuity of aldol addition, which shows comparable activity as porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL, one of the best enzymes identified for biocatalytic aldol addition) at 30 °C but much accelerated activity at elevated temperature. The molecular catalytic efficiency kcat/Km (M(-1) s(-1)) of this thermostable enzyme at 55 °C adds up to 140 times higher than that of PPL at its optimum temperature 37 °C. The fluorescence quenching analysis depicts that the binding constants of PPL are significantly higher than those of ST0779, and their numbers of binding sites show opposite temperature dependency.

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This work provides a comprehensive characterization of the gas phase from hydrothermal liquefaction of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) collected during a 24-h continuous experiment. The gas consisted mainly of CO2, CO, H2, CH4 and C2H6 accounting for 96 v/v% while further analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed additionally 62 compounds of which 54 were tentatively identified. These products included methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, various olefins and several aromatic compounds.

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