Transforming steatotic liver disease management: The emerging role of GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Chronic liver disease is a major cause of mortality, with approximately 2 million deaths worldwide each year, and it poses a significant economic burden. The most common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States and Europe is steatotic liver disease (SLD), which includes metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD, metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated SLD, and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Effective treatment of these conditions is essential to reduce the liver disease burden, with promising approaches including treating cardiometabolic risk factors and excessive alcohol intake.

Label-free 3D molecular imaging of living tissues using Raman spectral projection tomography.

The ability to image tissues in three dimensions (3D) with label-free molecular contrast at the mesoscale would be a valuable capability in biology and biomedicine. Here, we introduce Raman spectral projection tomography (RSPT) for volumetric molecular imaging with optical sub-millimeter spatial resolution. We have developed a RSPT imaging instrument capable of providing 3D molecular contrast in transparent and semi-transparent samples.

A direct comparison of a next generation hyperspectral camera to state-of-the-art.

Hyperspectral camera technology is advancing rapidly, and this paper seeks to compare a state-of-the-art industrial dual-camera setup to a single-camera system employing the latest chip technology (IMX990 from Sony). The hyperspectral cameras are compared over both the Visual and Short-Wave Infrared range (400-1700 nm) of the electromagnet spectrum. The spectral range and resolution, as well as spatial parameters and spectroscopic information are quantified with comparable optics, electronics, and test targets.

Cost analysis of open versus robot-assisted ventral hernia repair - a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Robot-assisted ventral hernia repair is associated with decreased length of stay and lower complication rates compared with open repair, but acquisition and maintenance of the robotic system is costly. The aim of this was study was to compare the procedure-specific cost of robot-assisted and open ventral and incisional hernia repair including cost of procedure-related readmissions and reoperations within 90 days postoperatively.

Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study of 100 patients undergoing robot-assisted ventral hernia.

Transition of cluster headache: Depicting side-changing attacks as a chronic trait in an interview-based follow-up study.

Background: Cluster headache presents in an episodic and chronic form, between which patients can convert during the course of disease. We aimed to quantify the rate of cluster headache patients changing phenotype within one and five years and investigate the earlier proposed association between chronification and having side-shifting attacks.

Methods: In total, 430 cluster headache patients well-characterized according to current International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria, who were all participants in a prior transition-study, were re-interviewed in an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional follow-up study design at the Danish Headache Center.

Optimal drainage time after evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma (DRAIN TIME 2): a multicentre, randomised, multiarm and multistage non-inferiority trial in Denmark.

Background: Postoperative drainage after surgical evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma reduces the risk of recurrence, but the optimum drainage time is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the shortest possible drainage time without increasing the haematoma recurrence rate.

Methods: We conducted a randomised, multi-arm and multistage non-inferiority trial at four neurosurgical centres in Denmark.

Male with an apparently normal phenotype carrying a BRCA1 exon 20 duplication in trans to a BRCA1 frameshift variant.

Background: Reports of dual carriers of pathogenic BRCA1 variants in trans are extremely rare, and so far, most individuals have been associated with a Fanconi Anemia-like phenotype.

Methods: We identified two families with a BRCA1 in-frame exon 20 duplication (Ex20dup). In one male individual, the variant was in trans with the BRCA1 frameshift variant c.

Enhanced recovery after robotic ventral hernia repair: factors associated with overnight stay in hospital.

Purpose: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols lead to reduced post-operative stay and improved outcomes after most types of abdominal surgery. Little is known about the optimal post-operative protocol after robotic ventral hernia repair (RVHR), including the potential limits of outpatient surgery. We report the results of an ERAS protocol after RVHR aiming to identify factors associated with overnight stay in hospital, as well as patient-reported pain levels in the immediate post-operative period.

Non-BRCA1/BRCA2 high-risk familial breast cancers are not associated with a high prevalence of BRCAness.

Background: Familial breast cancer is in most cases unexplained due to the lack of identifiable pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The somatic mutational landscape and in particular the extent of BRCA-like tumour features (BRCAness) in these familial breast cancers where germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations have not been identified is to a large extent unknown.

Methods: We performed whole-genome sequencing on matched tumour and normal samples from high-risk non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer families to understand the germline and somatic mutational landscape and mutational signatures.

Speech comprehension across time, space, frequency, and age: MEG-MVPA classification of intertrial phase coherence.

Language is a key part of human cognition, essential for our well-being at all stages of our lives. Whereas many neurocognitive abilities decline with age, for language the picture is much less clear, and how exactly speech comprehension changes with ageing is still unknown. To investigate this, we employed magnetoencephalography (MEG) and recorded neuromagnetic brain responses to auditory linguistic stimuli in healthy participants of younger and older age using a passive task-free paradigm and a range of different linguistic stimulus contrasts, which enabled us to assess neural processing of spoken language at multiple levels (lexical, semantic, morphosyntactic).

Validation of the BOADICEA model for predicting the likelihood of carrying pathogenic variants in eight breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes.

BOADICEA is a comprehensive risk prediction model for breast and/or ovarian cancer (BC/OC) and for carrying pathogenic variants (PVs) in cancer susceptibility genes. In addition to BRCA1 and BRCA2, BOADICEA version 6 includes PALB2, CHEK2, ATM, BARD1, RAD51C and RAD51D. To validate its predictions for these genes, we conducted a retrospective study including 2033 individuals counselled at clinical genetics departments in Denmark.

Weight-loss induced by carbohydrate restriction does not negatively affect health-related quality of life and cognition in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial.

Background & Aims: We evaluated the effect of weight loss induced by dietary carbohydrate restriction on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and cognition in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: In this randomised parallel trial, 72 adults with T2D and overweight/obesity (mean ± SD, HbA: 57 ± 8 mmol/mol and BMI: 33 ± 5 kg/m) were randomly assigned to a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet (CRHP: C30E%-P30E%-F40E%) or conventional diabetes diet (CD: C50E%-P17E%-F33E%) for 6 weeks, targeting a 6% weight loss. HRQoL was assessed from the short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, including physical and mental component summary (PCS and MCS) scores; global cognition, verbal memory, attention and psychomotor speed, and executive function were assessed from a neuropsychological test battery.

Postoperative drainage for 6, 12, or 24 h after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma in symptomatic patients (DRAIN-TIME 2): study protocol for a nationwide randomized controlled trial.

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common acute or subacute neurosurgical condition, typically treated by burr-hole evacuation and drainage. Recurrent CSDH occurs in 5-20% of cases and requires reoperation in symptomatic patients, sometimes repeatedly. Postoperative subdural drainage of maximal 48 h is effective in reducing recurrent hematomas.

Protocol for detecting unrecognized sleep apnea in patients with atrial fibrillation by a home-monitoring device: the DAN-APNO study.

Background: Determining the presence of modifiable risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF), such as sleep apnea is of clinical importance due to the potential impact targeting these risk factors can have on the progression and burden of AF. Using new digital-based technology is a promising solution to the underreporting of sleep apnea highlighted by academical societies in recent years. The aim of this study is to report the prevalence and severity of sleep apnea in patients with AF and, secondarily, assess the accuracy and feasibility of a new home-screening device for sleep apnea (NightOwl™ by Ectosense).

A cross-sectional study of COVID-19 pandemic-related organizational aspects in health care.

Aim: This study explores how healthcare professionals included in the COVID-19 contingency plan experienced organizational changes, and explores factors associated with the experiences. Additionally, the study aimed to identify learning points for future similar scenarios.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Linkage mapping evidence for a syntenic QTL associated with flowering time in perennial C rhizomatous grasses and switchgrass.

Flowering in perennial species is directed via complex signalling pathways that adjust to developmental regulations and environmental cues. Synchronized flowering in certain environments is a prerequisite to commercial seed production, and so the elucidation of the genetic architecture of flowering time in and switchgrass could aid breeding in these underdeveloped species. In this context, we assessed a mapping population in and two ecologically diverse switchgrass mapping populations over 3 years from planting.

Acquisition and Analysis of Hyperspectral Thermal Images for Sample Segregation.

This study presents the first results of a new type of hyperspectral imager in the long-wave thermal radiation range from 8.0 to 14.0 µm which is simpler than readily available Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-based imagers.

Surface-Controlled Crystal Alignment of Naphthyl End-Capped Oligothiophene on Graphene: Thin-Film Growth Studied by in Situ X-ray Diffraction.

We report on the microstructure, morphology, and growth of 5,5'-bis(naphth-2-yl)-2,2'-bithiophene (NaT2) thin films deposited on graphene, characterized by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and complemented by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. NaT2 is deposited on two types of graphene surfaces: custom-made samples where chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene layers are transferred onto a Si/SiO substrate by us and common commercially transferred CVD graphene on Si/SiO. Pristine Si/SiO substrates are used as a reference.

Diagnostic pitfalls in vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy caused by mutations in the gene.

Unlabelled: Vitamin B6-responsive epilepsies are a group of genetic disorders including deficiency, deficiency, and others, usually causing neonatal onset seizures resistant to treatment with common antiepileptic drugs. Recently, biallelic mutations in were shown to be a novel cause of vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy with a variable phenotype. The different vitamin B6-responsive epilepsies can be detected and distinguished by their respective biomarkers and genetic analysis.

MVPA Analysis of Intertrial Phase Coherence of Neuromagnetic Responses to Words Reliably Classifies Multiple Levels of Language Processing in the Brain.

Neural processing of language is still among the most poorly understood functions of the human brain, whereas a need to objectively assess the neurocognitive status of the language function in a participant-friendly and noninvasive fashion arises in various situations. Here, we propose a solution for this based on a short task-free recording of MEG responses to a set of spoken linguistic contrasts. We used spoken stimuli that diverged lexically (words/pseudowords), semantically (action-related/abstract), or morphosyntactically (grammatically correct/ungrammatical).

Prostate zonal segmentation in 1.5T and 3T T2W MRI using a convolutional neural network.

Zonal segmentation of the prostate gland using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is clinically important for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and image-guided treatments. A two-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the U-net architecture was evaluated for segmentation of the central gland (CG) and peripheral zone (PZ) using a dataset of 40 patients (34 PCa positive and 6 PCa negative) scanned on two different MRI scanners (1.5T GE and 3T Siemens).

Reproducibility of measuring QRS duration and implications for optimization of interventricular pacing delay in cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Background: QRS narrowing after CRT is a predictor of patient outcome. Further narrowing can be obtained by interventricular pacing delay (VVd) optimization, raising interest to inter and intraobserver variation in manual measurements of QRS duration.

Methods: (a) Variation in intrinsic rhythm QRS duration in CRT patients with LBBB: In 40 intrinsic 12-lead ECGs, six observers measured QRS duration defined as widest QRS in any lead.