Biliary obstruction secondary to duodenal follicular lymphoma with papillary involvement.

Duodenal-type follicular lymphoma is a clinical variant of follicular lymphoma located in the intestine, presenting as multiple small polyps. The estimated frequency is 1/7000 people and extraduodenal involvement is rare. It predominantly affects middle-aged women, although some cases of young patients have been published in the literature.

EUS-guided fine needle biopsy of an anal gland adenocarcinoma with submucosal rectal invasion after normal colonoscopy. An uncommon histology.

We present the case of a 63-year-old male with long-term anal pain. A pelvic MRI was performed showing a tumor arising from the intersphincteric extending into the submucosal layer of the posterior rectal wall. The image was compatible with a cT4N0 ano-rectal carcinoma without any distant metastasis on the CT scan.

Expert consensus of the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology on the determination of biomarkers in pancreatic and biliary tract cancer.

Pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer have a poor prognosis. In recent years, the development of new diagnostic techniques has enabled the identification of the main genetic alterations involved in the development of these tumours. Multiple studies have assessed the ability to predict response to treatment of certain biomarkers, such as BRCA in pancreatic cancer, IDH1 or FGFR2 in biliary tract cancer and microsatellite instability or NTRK fusions in an agnostic tumour fashion.

Expert consensus of the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology on the determination of biomarkers in pancreatic and biliary tract cancer.

Pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer have a poor prognosis. In recent years, the development of new diagnostic techniques has enabled the identification of the main genetic alterations involved in the development of these tumours. Multiple studies have assessed the ability of certain biomarkers, such as BRCA in pancreatic cancer, IDH1 or FGFR2 in biliary tract cancer and microsatellite instability or NTRK fusions in an agnostic tumour fashion, to predict response to treatment.

Acute liver failure due to anti-tuberculous treatment: when you travel without medical follow-up.

We present an uncommon cause of liver transplant in a patient with a particular personal situation, who suffered loss of follow-up during his antitubercular treatment. He presented a dress syndrome with fulminant liver failure that required a liver transplant. This case demonstrates the importance of close monitoring of liver function during this treatment.

Temporal headache and jaw claudication may be the key for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.

Background: Temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is a surgical procedure with a low positive yield. The purpose of this study is to determine which variables are the most important in the giant cell arteritis (GCA) diagnosis. The objective of this evaluation is to improve the percentage of positive temporal artery biopsy and if possible, avoid the biopsy in some cases.

Endoscopic ultrasound versus multidetector computed tomography in preoperative gastric cancer staging.

Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is the gold standard technique in loco-regional staging of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Nevertheless, the introduction of multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) allows accurate studies to be performed.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic yield of EUS and MDCT in loco-regional preoperative staging of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Intraductal papillary neoplasia of the bile duct with malignancy: a differentiated entity of cholangiocarcinoma with a better prognosis. A review of three new cases.

Introduction: Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct have been recognized as a differentiated entity to other biliary tumors since 2001. They are characterized by intraductal growth, with or without mucus production, and have malignant potential, although they have a better prognosis than other types of cholangiocarcinoma.

Case Reports: From January 2010 to August 2015, we included three patients with a confirmed diagnosis of bile duct intraductal papillary neoplasia with malignancy that were treated at our center.

The Endoscopic Reference Score shows modest accuracy to predict either clinical or histological activity in adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis.

Background: Conflicting results have been recently reported for the accuracy of the Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS), an standardised endoscopic classification, to predict the histological activity of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE).

Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of the EREFS to predict either histological or clinical activity of EoE.

Methods: Prospective multicentre study conducted in eight Spanish centres evaluating adult EoE patients, either naïve or after treatment.

Review of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who require a liver transplant.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to retrospectively compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasound (US), contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and contrast-enhanced MRI in cirrhotic patients who were candidates for liver transplantation.

Materials And Methods: A total of 273 consecutive patients with 218 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules, who underwent imaging and subsequent transplantation, were examined. Diagnosis of HCC was based on explant correlation of the whole liver.

Cavernous hemangioma of the parotid gland in adults.

Hemangiomas account for 0.4-0.6% of all tumors of the parotid gland and most of them occur in children, nevertheless in adults hemangiomas are very rare.

Cutaneous mucormycosis infection by Absidia in two consecutive liver transplant patients.

Mucormycosis, although an infrequent fungal infection, has a high mortality in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. We present two cases of cutaneous Absidia mucormycosis in two successive patients undergoing liver transplantation in our hospital. In our literature search, we encountered only one published case of Absidia infection in liver transplantation.

[External ear melanoma].

Cutaneous melanomas are the tumours that have increased more their incidence in the last fifty years. Melanomas arising from the external auditory canal are extraordinariously unfrequent. These tumours show an aggressive and silent behaviour, and due to this the diagnosis is frequently made in an advanced stage.

[Non-secreting, extra-adrenal retroperitoneal paragangliomas].

Objective: Two cases of extra-adrenal non-secretory retroperitoneal paraganglioma in male patients are presented. The first case had intermittent vascular claudication in lower limbs and the second one was an incidental finding during staging of a lymphoma.

Methods: Both cases were studied using imaging techniques (US, CT and MRI) and histological and immunohistochemical analyses.

[Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis].

Objective: A case of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis in a 34-year-old man with anemia and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate is presented.

Methods/results: Ultrasound, CT and MRI evaluation and pathological study were performed. These diagnostic imaging techniques demonstrated an infiltrating mass in the upper portion of the abdomen which was resected.

[Adrenal gland myelolipoma: radiological view].

Objective: To report a case of adrenal myelolipoma in a female patient with a history of arterial hypertension and increased plasma aldosterone levels.

Methods: Evaluation by CT and ultrasound, and anatomopathological analysis were performed.

Results: The CT and ultrasound scans showed a fat-containing adrenal mass.

[Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma in childhood].

Objective: An incidentally discovered retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma in a 4-year-old child is presented.

Methods: Ultrasonography and CT were performed. The surgical specimen was analyzed by macroscopic, histological and immunohistochemical techniques.

[Persistent leucocytosis as initial manifestation of Whipple's disease and development of gastric cancer in the follow up].

We report the case of a 57 year old male with Whipple's disease. The patient was asymptomatic and an unexplained peripheral leucocytosis was found in a routine examination. It persisted as the only abnormality for one year and then he developed articular symptoms, diarrhoea and weight loss.