Leucine partially protects muscle mass and function during bed rest in middle-aged adults.

Background: Physical inactivity triggers a rapid loss of muscle mass and function in older adults. Middle-aged adults show few phenotypic signs of aging yet may be more susceptible to inactivity than younger adults.

Objective: The aim was to determine whether leucine, a stimulator of translation initiation and skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS), can protect skeletal muscle health during bed rest.

Dietary protein distribution positively influences 24-h muscle protein synthesis in healthy adults.

The RDA for protein describes the quantity that should be consumed daily to meet population needs and to prevent deficiency. Protein consumption in many countries exceeds the RDA; however, intake is often skewed toward the evening meal, whereas breakfast is typically carbohydrate rich and low in protein. We examined the effects of protein distribution on 24-h skeletal muscle protein synthesis in healthy adult men and women (n = 8; age: 36.

A resilience intervention in African American adults with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study of efficacy.

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of offering the authors' Diabetes Coaching Program (DCP), adapted for African Americans, in a sample of African American adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The study used a 1-group, pretest-posttest design to test the acceptance and potential effectiveness of the DCP. Subjects were a convenience sample of 16 African Americans (8 women, 8 men) with type 2 diabetes; 12 subjects (6 women, 6 men) completed the program.

The genetic map of Xiphophorus fishes represented by 24 multipoint linkage groups.

Hybrids between distinct Xiphophorus species have been utilized for over 70 years to study melanoma and other neoplasms that can develop spontaneously in hybrid offspring. Genetic linkage mapping has proven to be important in delineating genomic areas that harbor oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Within this report, two parallel backcrosses have been utilized to generate a genetic linkage map for Xiphophorus fishes.

Prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure promotes adult atherogenesis and mitochondrial damage in apolipoprotein E-/- mice fed a chow diet.

Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is recognized as a cardiovascular disease risk factor; however, the impact of prenatal ETS exposure on adult atherogenesis has not been examined. We hypothesized that in utero ETS exposure promotes adult atherosclerotic lesion formation and mitochondrial damage.

Methods And Results: Atherosclerotic lesion formation, mitochondrial DNA damage, antioxidant activity, and oxidant load were determined in cardiovascular tissues from adult apolipoprotein E-/- mice exposed to either filtered air or ETS in utero and fed a standard chow diet (4.