Artepillin C, a major component of Brazilian green propolis, inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein aggregation.

Propolis, a compound produced by honeybees, has long been used in food and beverages to improve health and prevent diseases. We previously reported that the ethanol extracts of Brazilian green propolis and its constituents artepillin C, kaempferide, and kaempferol mitigate oxidative stress-induced cell death via oxytosis/ferroptosis. Here, we investigated the potential of Brazilian green propolis and its constituents to protect against endoplasmic reticulum stress in the mouse hippocampal cell line HT22.

Hormetic Effects of Binaphthyl Phosphonothioates as Pro-oxidants and Antioxidants.

Organophosphorous compounds with such a wide variety in structure, application, and biochemical activities include pesticides, herbicides, nerve agents, medicines, reagents in organic chemistry, and additives for polymers. Binaphthyl phosphono-, phosphorothioates, and their derivatives, are useful chiral catalysts for various asymmetric reactions and are expected to act as heavy metal scavengers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the neurotoxicity and biochemical properties of a new series of binaphthyl phosphonothioates called KK compounds using the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells.

Effects of intersubunit amino acid substitutions on GABA receptor sensitivity to the ectoparasiticide fluralaner.

The isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner exerts antiparasitic effects by inhibiting the function of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABARs). The present study was conducted to identify the amino acid residues that contribute to the high sensitivity of insect GABARs to fluralaner. We generated housefly (Musca domestica) GABARs with amino acid substitutions in the first through third α-helical transmembrane segments (TM1-TM3) of the RDL subunit using site-directed mutagenesis and examined the effects of the substitutions on the sensitivity of GABARs expressed in Xenopus oocytes to fluralaner using two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology.

A subset of taste receptor cells express biocytin-permeable channels activated by reducing extracellular Ca concentration.

Taste receptor cells (type II cells) transmit taste information to taste nerve fibres via ATP-permeable channels, including calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM), connexin and/or pannexin1 channels, via the paracrine release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a predominant transmitter. In the present study, we demonstrate that extracellular Ca -dependent biocytin-permeable channels are present in a subset of type II cells in mouse fungiform taste buds using biocytin uptake, immunohistochemistry and in situ whole-cell recordings. Type II cells were labelled with biocytin in an extracellular Ca concentration ([Ca ] )-sensitive manner.

Novel Oxindole-Curcumin Hybrid Compound for Antioxidative Stress and Neuroprotection.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The oxindole compound GIF-2165X-G1 is a hybrid molecule composed of the oxindole skeleton of the neuroprotective compound GIF-0726-r and the polyphenolic skeleton of the antioxidant curcumin. We previously reported that novel oxindole derivatives such as GIF-0726-r and GIF-2165X-G1 prevent endogenous oxidative stress-induced cell death in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells.

Neuroprotective effects of Brazilian green propolis on oxytosis/ferroptosis in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells.

Propolis is a sticky dark-colored substance produced by honey bees and comprises resin, balsam, wax, essential and aromatic oils, pollen, and several other substances; it is used in food and beverages to improve health and prevent diseases. We studied the neuroprotective effects of extracts of Brazilian green propolis in the mouse hippocampal cell line HT22. Ethanol extracts of Brazilian green propolis had a more potent preventive effect on oxidative stress-induced cell death, oxytosis/ferroptosis, in HT22 cells than water extracts of Brazilian green propolis, whereas it did not protect against anticancer drug-induced apoptotic cell death.