Possible association between moderate intellectual disability and weight gain in valproic acid-treated patients with epilepsy.

Background: Although patients with moderate intellectual disability (ID) are known to have higher rates of being overweight and obese than those without ID, there are no current data regarding the relationship between ID and weight gain in epilepsy patients treated with valproic acid (VPA).

Patients And Methods: The possible association between moderate ID and an overweight status at the time of initiation of VPA therapy (baseline) was investigated using a logistic regression analysis in 143 patients with epilepsy. Among the 119 nonoverweight patients at baseline, the longitudinal association between moderate ID and the weight status during VPA therapy was retrospectively examined using a Cox hazards regression analysis and the generalized estimating equations approach, while also paying careful attention to associations with other patient characteristics.

Impact of the superoxide dismutase 2 Val16Ala polymorphism on the relationship between valproic acid exposure and elevation of γ-glutamyltransferase in patients with epilepsy: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis.

Background: There has been accumulating evidence that there are associations among γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) elevation and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the most common and potentially functional polymorphisms of antioxidant enzyme genes, i.e.

Possible associations between antioxidant enzyme polymorphisms and metabolic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia.

Background: This study investigated the possible association between common and potentially functional polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes and metabolic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: The possible associations of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 null and GSTT1 null genotypes, and the superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) Val16Ala polymorphism with the risks of being overweight and having metabolic syndrome were examined using a logistic regression analysis in 154 schizophrenic Japanese patients and 203 controls.

Results: Among smokers with schizophrenia, the risks of being overweight and having decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in those with the GSTM1 null genotype than in those with the present genotype (odds ratio 3.

Sex differences in the effect of cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphisms on the risk of diabetic retinopathy: a retrospective longitudinal study in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) is expressed in human endothelial cells and catalyzes the biosynthesis of vasoprotective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and 19-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid from arachidonic acid. This study investigated the association between CYP2C19 polymorphisms and an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). A clinic-based retrospective longitudinal analysis was carried out that included 383 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Superoxide dismutase 2 Val16Ala polymorphism is a risk factor for the valproic acid-related elevation of serum aminotransferases.

The association between the superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) Val16Ala polymorphism and the serum aminotransferase levels was retrospectively investigated in 207 valproic acid-treated patients with epilepsy. The Val/Val genotype tended to show elevated alanine aminotransferase levels (odds ratio=3.5; P=0.