Impact of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination on the therapeutic schedule of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: A 25-year Japanese single-center survey.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy is effective for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) but can induce immunosuppression. In Japan, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, modified in 2013 to reduce osteitis/osteomyelitis risk, coincides with the peak onset age of IESS. This raises concerns about infection risks when administering ACTH therapy post-vaccination.

Diagnostic Utility of Preserved Dried Umbilical Cord Polymerase Chain Reaction in Intrauterine Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Intrauterine herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is uncommon and challenging to diagnose, requiring detection of HSV in skin lesions within 48 h post-birth.

Case Presentation: A preterm female infant presented with the typical triad of blisters, microcephaly, and chorioretinitis, but the initial diagnostic approach was elusive due to negative results for TORCH pathogens from vesicles/serum. Referred at 7 months for developmental delay and epilepsy, her brain imaging showed calcification and cortical dysplasia.

A case of acute encephalophathy with residual neurological sequelae induced by immunoglobulin A vasculitis.

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) occasionally induces central nervous system (CNS) involvement, which is usually transient with no sequelae except for hemorrhagic stroke. It is thought to be useful to measure serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine levels for better understanding the pathological condition in encephalopathy, but there have been no reports in acute encephalopathy with IgAV. We describe an 8-year-old boy with IgAV who had neurological sequelae after complication of acute encephalopathy, focusing on the cytokine profiles and unique biphasic findings of magnetic resonance imaging.

Distinctive inflammatory profile between acute focal bacterial nephritis and acute pyelonephritis in children.

Background: Acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) is a severe form of upper urinary tract infection (UTI) with neurological manifestations and focal renal mass lesions on computed tomography (CT). Prolonged antibiotic therapy may improve the renal outcome, but the early differential diagnosis of AFBN from acute pyelonephritis (APN) is challenging. We searched for effective biomarkers of AFBN based on the pathophysiology of upper UTIs.

Two infants with tuberculid associated with Kawasaki disease.

Bacille de Calmette et Guerin (BCG) is the only licensed tuberculosis vaccine to prevent severe tuberculosis. The adverse events of BCG vaccination, including local reactions, lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis, tuberculid, and disseminated infection, have been reported. Two infants presented erythema at the inoculation site of BCG after the resolution of Kawasaki disease (K).