Preoperative and Postoperative Salivary Bacterial Counts in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Postoperative pneumonia may develop in infants after cardiac surgery; however, only a few reports are available on perioperative oral bacteria in infants. This study aimed to examine preoperative and postoperative salivary bacterial counts in infants undergoing cardiac surgery.

Materials And Methods: The number of bacteria in the saliva of 105 infants (average age: 20 months) who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease was determined by culturing before and after surgery.

Brushing Methods for Patients Unable to Use a Mouthwash: A Preliminary Study of the Effects of Moisturizing Gel and Povidone-Iodine in Healthy Volunteers.

Introduction: Brushing older adults or intubated patients who are unable to rinse can transmit bacteria from dental plaque into the oral cavity and increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, this study examined brushing methods to prevent the spread of bacteria in the oral cavity.  Methods:Three types of brushing methods were performed on five volunteers by dental hygienists (water group: brushing with toothbrush bristles soaked in water; gel group: brushing with a moisturizing gel placed on the toothbrush; PV-I group: brushing with toothbrush bristles dipped in povidone-iodine).

Interventional Prospective Studies on Xerostomia in Patients Undergoing Palliative and End-of-Life Care: A Scoping Review.

Patients undergoing palliative care often develop debilitating oral conditions, including xerostomia. These conditions may significantly impact patients' quality of life. Despite the high prevalence and adverse impact of xerostomia, effective management strategies remain unclear.

Factors affecting the number of bacteria in saliva and oral care methods for the recovery of bacteria in contaminated saliva after brushing: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Oral care is important in preventing aspiration pneumonia in older adults. However, it is not clear what kind of oral care can reduce the number of bacteria in saliva. The purposes of this study are to clarify whether there is a relationship between plaque amounts and salivary bacterial counts, and how bacteria dispersed into the oral cavity by brushing can be reduced.

Relationship between Tongue Pressure and Salivary Bacteria in the Older Adults Requiring Long-Term Care.

Introduction: Aspiration pneumonia, an important issue for the older adults, is caused by an increase in pathogenic microorganisms in the saliva, aspiration, and weakened host immunity. Recently, decreased tongue pressure has been reported to be associated with dysphagia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between decreased tongue pressure and the number of bacteria in the saliva of the older adults requiring long-term care.

Dental needs in palliative care and problems in dental hygienist education: survey study of palliative care ward homepage, university syllabus, and academic conference abstracts.

Background: Although end-of-life patients have a variety of oral-related symptoms, the involvement of dentists and dental hygienists in the palliative care teams is limited. This study investigates the current state of palliative care education in universities that train dentists and dental hygienists and the need for dentistry in the clinical setting of palliative medicine in Japan.

Methods: First, we investigated the involvement of dentistry in hospitals with palliative care units from a website.

Efficacy of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution in cleaning tongue coating before and after surgery: a randomized phase II study.

Background: Increased bacterial presence in the tongue coating and thereby, the saliva, may be a risk factor for postoperative complications such as surgical site infection or postoperative pneumonia after cancer surgery. However, no method for cleaning tongue coating has been established experimentally. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of brushing with 3% hydrogen peroxide on suppression of the number of bacteria in tongue coating.

Number of Bacteria in Saliva in the Perioperative Period and Factors Associated with Increased Numbers.

Perioperative oral management is performed to prevent postoperative complications, but its indication and management method are unclear. This study aimed to investigate salivary bacterial counts pre-and postoperatively, and factors related to increased bacterial count postoperatively. We included 121 patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia and perioperative oral management.

Effect of decreased tongue pressure on dysphagia and survival rate in elderly people requiring long-term care.

Background/purpose: Tongue pressure plays an important role in swallowing function. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether decreased tongue pressure is associated with dysphagia and the development of pneumonia in the elderly requiring long-term care.

Materials And Methods: Tongue pressure measurement and swallowing videoendoscopic (VE) examination were performed in 60 hospitalized elderly people (33 males and 27 females, with an average age of 84.

A preliminary study of suppression of candida infection by miconazole mucoadhesive tablets in oral or oropharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Elevated numbers of candida in the oral cavity often lead to oral candidiasis development in patients undergoing radiotherapy for oral or oropharyngeal cancer. This study aimed to verify the effect of miconazole mucoadhesive tablets on suppression of oral candida infection during radiotherapy. For this preliminary interventional study, miconazole mucoadhesive tablets were attached to the oral mucosa for 14 days from when grade 2 oral mucositis appeared in patients with oral or oropharyngeal cancer receiving radiotherapy, and the incidence of oral candidiasis was investigated.

Preventive effects of betamethasone valerate ointment for radiation-induced severe oral mucositis in patients with oral or oropharyngeal cancer: protocol for a multicentre, phase II, randomised controlled trial (Bet-ROM study).

Introduction: This is a randomised, multi-centre, open-label, phase II study to evaluate the efficacy of betamethasone valerate ointment on radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing concomitant radiotherapy with cisplatin or cetuximab.

Methods And Analysis: The trial will take place at seven hospitals in Japan. Patients will be randomised (1:1) into betamethasone and control groups after the occurrence of grade 1 oral mucositis.

Risk factors for severe radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with oral cancer.

Background/purpose: Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer often causes severe oral mucositis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to further examine the risk factors for developing severe oral mucositis in patients with oral cancer undergoing radiotherapy as a compliment to a previous study performed by our group.

Materials And Methods: A total of 181 patients with oral cancer undergoing radiotherapy were enrolled in the study.

Relationship between tooth extraction and development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients.

Tooth extraction has been avoided since it has been considered a major risk factor for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). However, MRONJ may also develop from tooth that is an infection source. This study aimed to clarify whether tooth extraction is a risk factor for the development of MRONJ in cancer patients receiving bone-modifying agents (BMAs).

Effects of a miconazole oral patch on preventing development of oral candidiasis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy: results of a preliminary study quantifying the prevalence of Candida albicans in saliva.

Purpose: Serious oral mucositis develops during radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer, but there is no effective preventive method. We have used a steroid ointment to prevent oral mucositis during RT, but the use of steroid ointment is discontinued when oral candidiasis develops. Therefore, prevention of oral candidiasis is important.

Effect of Cancer Treatment on the Worsening of Periodontal Disease and Dental Caries: A Preliminary, Retrospective Study.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of cancer treatment on the worsening of dental caries and periodontal disease.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-three adult cancer patients who underwent panoramic radiography before cancer treatment and 1-2 years later were enrolled in this study. They received professional oral care, including oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing, professional mechanical tooth cleaning, and dental treatment or extraction of any tooth with the source of infection.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Three Types of Disinfectants Approved for Oral Use in Japan in Reducing the Bacterial Count of Tongue Coating: A Randomised-Controlled Study.

Purpose: Tongue coating is one of the primary causes of halitosis and some diseases such as aspiration pneumonia. However, to date, an effective method for reducing the bacterial count of tongue coating has not been established. We conducted a randomised-controlled study to compare the efficacy of three types of disinfectants approved for oral use in Japan in reducing the bacterial count of tongue coating.

Prevention of dental caries by regular overnight application of a low-concentration fluoride gel loaded in a custom tray in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A preliminary study.

Background: Some studies have reported topical application of 1.0%-2.0% fluoride gel in a custom tray for 4-5 minutes every day for the prevention of radiation-related dental caries.

The Relationship between Dental Findings and Tongue Pressure: A Survey of 745 Community-Dwelling Adults and Elderly Persons in Japan.

Introduction: Reduced tongue pressure is one of the causes of dysphagia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dental findings and tongue pressure, and whether prosthetic treatment prevents reduced tongue pressure.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.

Effects of a bioadhesive barrier-forming oral liquid on pain due to radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer: A randomized crossover, preliminary study.

Background/purpose: Bioadhesive barrier-forming oral liquid, is a recently developed medical material for the management of pain caused by oral mucositis associated with cancer radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this liquid in relieving pain resulting from radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer.

Materials And Methods: This randomized, crossover trial investigated the analgesic effects of bioadhesive barrier-forming oral liquid using dexamethasone ointment as a control.

Evaluation of the efficacy of low concentration fluoride gel using custom trays to prevent radiation-related dental caries in patients with head and neck cancer: protocol for a randomised controlled phase III trial (FluCar study).

Introduction: The present study is a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase III study, to evaluate the efficacy of low concentration of fluoride gel, applied using custom trays, in preventing radiation-related dental caries in patients with head and neck cancer who have undergone or are undergoing radiotherapy.

Methods And Analysis: Patients will be randomised into fluoride and control groups (1:1 ratio). In the fluoride group, patients will wear custom trays loaded with 0.

Topical povidone iodine inhibits bacterial growth in the oral cavity of patients on mechanical ventilation: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Topical 0.12% chlorhexidine has been used widely to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. However, it is not approved for mucosal application in Japan.

Comparison of attitudes towards persons with dementia, knowledge of dementia and ageism amongst students in Taiwan and Japan: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the attitudes towards people with dementia, knowledge of dementia and ageism amongst Taiwanese and Japanese dental hygiene students.

Material And Methods: A total of 328 students participated in this cross-sectional study. Attitudes, knowledge and ageism were assessed using self-reports.