Fungal glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase GpdC maintains glycolytic mechanism against reactive nitrogen stress-induced damage.

Highly reactive nitrogen species (RNS) damage proteins, lipids, and nucleotides, and induce disordered intracellular metabolism. Microorganisms that respond to and defend against RNS include fungal pathogens that invade host tissues. However, the full picture of their mechanisms remains unknown.

The Metabolic Regulation of Amino Acid Synthesis Counteracts Reactive Nitrogen Stress via Cross-Pathway Control.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a natural reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that alters proteins, DNA, and lipids and damages biological activities. Although microorganisms respond to and detoxify NO, the regulation of the cellular metabolic mechanisms that cause cells to tolerate RNS toxicity is not completely understood. We found that the proline and arginine auxotrophic and mutants of the fungus require more arginine and proline for normal growth under RNS stress that starves cells by accumulating fewer amino acids.