The "VIP-ADHD trial": Does brain arousal have prognostic value for predicting response to psychostimulants in adult ADHD patients?

EEG studies have shown that adult ADHD patients have less stable brain arousal regulation than age and gender matched controls. Psychostimulants have brain arousal stabilising properties evident in EEG patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the stability of brain arousal regulation has prognostic value in predicting response to methylphenidate therapy in adult ADHD patients.

Gender differences in adult ADHD: Cognitive function assessed by the test of attentional performance.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess cognitive differences between male and female adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Patients with an ADHD diagnosis according to the DSM-IV guidelines were included in a cross-sectional study evaluating cognitive measures. 28 women and 41 men from ages 19 to 56 completed self-report questionnaires and performed a computer-based test of attentional performance (TAP).

Cognitive deficits and psychosocial functioning in adult ADHD: Bridging the gap between objective test measures and subjective reports.

Introduction: Self-reported cognitive deficits in adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) are often not corroborated by standardized tests. Tests and reports also differ in their correspondence to aspects of psychosocial functioning. Executive function tasks (EF-tasks) using material close to daily life, may provide a more ecologically-valid assessment of cognitive deficits.

Is brain arousal regulation a predictor of response to psychostimulant therapy in adult ADHD patients?

We investigated whether baseline brain arousal instability during resting state EEG, using the Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL 2.1), can predict response to methylphenidate therapy in adult ADHD patients. An arousal stability score of the EEGs of 28 adult ADHD patients was calculated quantifying the extent of arousal decline.

Clinical relevance of circadian melatonin release in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

A growing body of evidence indicates the role of melatonin (MT) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS): It modulates immune function, alleviates oxidative stress and it is linked to seasonality of MS relapse. This report addresses the potential clinical relevance of circadian MT rhythms in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. The study sample comprised of fifty-five RRMS patients and fifty age- and sex-matched healthy control (HC) subjects.

Differentiation of ADHD and Depression Based on Cognitive Performance.

The aim of this study was to assess whether self-report scales and neuropsychological tests used for adult patients with ADHD can help to distinguish between ADHD-specific and depressive symptoms. In a cross-sectional design, differences in self-report questionnaires and neuropsychological tests among clinical subgroups and healthy controls (HC) were evaluated. Patients in clinical groups were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) or ADHD with or without depressive symptoms according to (4th ed.

Adult ADHD: Influence of Physical Activation, Stimulation, and Reward on Cognitive Performance and Symptoms.

Models of ADHD consider the influence of situational factors on cognitive performance and symptoms. The influence of acute physical exercise, stimulation through continuous fine motor movement, and performance-related reward on performance and ADHD symptoms was assessed. Thirty-six adults with ADHD and 36 healthy controls performed executive function tasks (EF-tasks) of inhibition, selective attention, and working memory with material close to daily life.

Dual-Tasking in Multiple Sclerosis - Implications for a Cognitive Screening Instrument.

The monitoring of cognitive functions is central to the assessment and consecutive management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Though, especially cognitive processes that are central to everyday behavior like dual-tasking are often neglected. We examined dual-task performance using a psychological-refractory period (PRP) task in = 21 patients and healthy controls and conducted standard neuropsychological tests.

Fatigue and Sleep in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Comparison of Self-Report and Performance-Based Measures.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suffer very often from MS fatigue and sleep problems. Despite the detrimental impact on the activities of daily living, a short and objective quantification of fatigue and sleep problems is currently lacking.

Objective: The objective of the study was to systematically investigate tonic, intrinsic, and phasic alertness and the relationship of these performance-based measures with self-report measures of fatigue and quality of sleep.

Brain arousal regulation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The main aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have less stable brain arousal regulation than healthy controls. We objectively assessed brain arousal regulation using the Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL 2.1) to analyze 15-min resting EEG data of thirty-three ADHD patients and thirty-five matched controls.

On the costs of parallel processing in dual-task performance: The case of lexical processing in word production.

Previous dual-task picture-naming studies suggest that lexical processes require capacity-limited processes and prevent other tasks to be carried out in parallel. However, studies involving the processing of multiple pictures suggest that parallel lexical processing is possible. The present study investigated the specific costs that may arise when such parallel processing occurs.