Short-term periodic restricted feeding elicits metabolome-microbiome signatures with sex dimorphic persistence in primate intervention.

Dietary restriction has shown benefits in physiological, metabolic, and molecular signatures associated with aging but is a difficult lifestyle to maintain for most individuals. In mice, a less restrictive diet that allows for cyclical periods of reduced calories mitigates aging phenotypes, yet the effects of such an intervention in a genetically heterogenous, higher-order mammal has not been examined. Here, using middle-aged rhesus macaques matched for age and sex, we show that a regimen of 4 days of low-calorie intake followed by 10 days of ad libitum feeding (4:10 diet) performed in repeating cycles over 12 weeks led to significant loss of weight and fat percentage, despite the free access to food for most of the study duration.

Chronic alcohol consumption dysregulates innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the lung.

Background: Alcohol consumption is widespread with over half of the individuals over 18 years of age in the U.S. reporting alcohol use in the last 30 days.

Integrated single cell analysis shows chronic alcohol drinking disrupts monocyte differentiation in the bone marrow.

Chronic heavy alcohol drinking (CHD) rewires monocytes and macrophages toward heightened inflammatory states with compromised antimicrobial defenses that persist after 1-month abstinence. To determine whether these changes are mediated through alterations in the bone marrow niche, we profiled monocytes and hematopoietic stem cell progenitors (HSCPs) from CHD rhesus macaques using a combination of functional assays and single cell genomics. CHD resulted in transcriptional profiles consistent with increased activation and inflammation within bone marrow resident monocytes and macrophages.

Monoclonal Antibody Therapy of Breastfeeding Patient Infected with SARS-CoV-2: A Case Report.

Although safety data demonstrated the efficacy and effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination for all individuals over 6 months of age, including pregnant and breastfeeding individuals, optimal treatment courses for symptomatic pregnant and lactating individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 remain to be defined. A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-vaccinated breastfeeding woman received anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody treatment casirivimab-imdevimab 5 days after diagnosis of a symptomatic breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient did not present with obvious defects in innate or adaptive cellular subsets, but compared with controls had minimal maternal antibody response to recommended pregnancy vaccinations including SARS-CoV-2 and tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (TDaP).

Chronic alcohol consumption dysregulates innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the lung.

Alcohol consumption is widespread with over half of the individuals over 18 years of age in the U.S. reporting alcohol use in the last 30 days.

Integrated single cell analysis shows chronic alcohol drinking disrupts monocyte differentiation in the bone marrow niche.

Chronic alcohol drinking rewires circulating monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages towards heightened inflammatory states with compromised anti-microbial defenses. As these effects remain consistent in short-lived monocytes after a 1-month abstinence period it is unclear whether these changes are restricted to the periphery or mediated through alterations in the progenitor niche. To test this hypothesis, we profiled monocytes/macrophages and hematopoietic stem cell progenitors (HSCP) of the bone marrow compartment from rhesus macaques after 12 months of ethanol consumption using a combination of functional assays and single cell genomics.

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Booster Elicits Robust Prolonged Maternal Antibody Responses and Passive Transfer Via The Placenta And Breastmilk.

Background: Infection during pregnancy can result in adverse outcomes for both pregnant persons and offspring. Maternal vaccination is an effective mechanism to protect both mother and neonate into post-partum. However, our understanding of passive transfer of antibodies elicited by maternal SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination during pregnancy remains incomplete.

Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy: The good, the bad, and the ugly.

A successful human pregnancy requires precisely timed adaptations by the maternal immune system to support fetal growth while simultaneously protecting mother and fetus against microbial challenges. The first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by a robust increase in innate immune activity that promotes successful implantation of the blastocyst and placental development. Moreover, early pregnancy is also a state of increased vulnerability to vertically transmitted pathogens notably, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Zika virus (ZIKV), SARS-CoV-2, and Listeria monocytogenes.