National Health Expenditure Projections, 2023-32: Payer Trends Diverge As Pandemic-Related Policies Fade.

Health care spending growth is expected to outpace that of the gross domestic product (GDP) during the coming decade, resulting in a health share of GDP that reaches 19.7 percent by 2032 (up from 17.3 percent in 2022).

National Health Expenditure Projections, 2022-31: Growth To Stabilize Once The COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Ends.

National health expenditures are projected to grow 5.4 percent, on average, over the course of 2022-31 and to account for roughly 20 percent of the economy by the end of that period. The insured share of the population is anticipated to exceed 92 percent through 2023, in part as a result of record-high Medicaid enrollment, and then decline toward 90 percent as coverage requirements related to the COVID-19 public health emergency expire.

Increasing bioremediation effectiveness through field-scale application of molecular biological tools.

Leveraging the capabilities of microorganisms to reduce (degrade or transform) concentrations of pollutants in soil and groundwater can be a cost-effective, natural remedial approach to manage contaminated sites. Traditional design and implementation of bioremediation strategies consist of lab-scale biodegradation studies or collection of field-scale geochemical data to infer associated biological processes. While both lab-scale biodegradation studies and field-scale geochemical data are useful for remedial decision-making, additional insights can be gained through the application of Molecular Biological Tools (MBTs) to directly measure contaminant-degrading microorganisms and associated bioremediation processes.

Unmasking the Resolution-Throughput Tradespace of Focused-Ion-Beam Machining.

Focused-ion-beam machining is a powerful process to fabricate complex nanostructures, often through a sacrificial mask that enables milling beyond the resolution limit of the ion beam. However, current understanding of this super-resolution effect is empirical in the spatial domain and nonexistent in the temporal domain. This article reports the primary study of this fundamental tradespace of resolution and throughput.

Framework for field-scale application of molecular biological tools to support natural and enhanced bioremediation.

Microorganisms naturally present at environmental contaminated sites are capable of biodegrading, biotransforming, or removing contaminants in soil and groundwater through bioremediation processes. Cleanup strategies and goals for site remediation can be effectively achieved by bioremediation leveraging the capabilities of microorganisms to biotransform contaminants into lesser or non-toxic end products; however, reproducible success can be limited by inadequate design or performance monitoring. A group of biological analyses collectively termed molecular biological tools (MBTs) can be used to assess the contaminant-degrading capabilities and activities of microorganisms present in the environment and appropriately implement bioremediation approaches.

National Health Expenditure Projections, 2021-30: Growth To Moderate As COVID-19 Impacts Wane.

Although considerable uncertainty remains, the COVID-19 pandemic and public health emergency are expected to continue to influence the near-term outlook for national health spending and enrollment. National health spending growth is expected to have decelerated from 9.7 percent in 2020 to 4.

A Rare Case of a Giant Vulval Fibroepithelial Stromal Polyp.

Background: A fibroepithelial stromal polyp is an uncommon benign pathology of the female genital tract. Rarely, these benign tumors present as a giant lesion and are clinically difficulty to distinguish from other pathologies.

Case: A 19-year-old female presented with a vulval fibroepithelial stromal polyp measuring ∼8 × 8 × 3 cm that extended from the right labia majora.

National Health Expenditure Projections, 2019-28: Expected Rebound In Prices Drives Rising Spending Growth.

National health expenditures are projected to grow at an average annual rate of 5.4 percent for 2019-28 and to represent 19.7 percent of gross domestic product by the end of the period.

Assessment of accuracy of Australian health service death data: implications for the audits of surgical mortality.

Background: The Victorian Audit of Surgical Mortality (VASM) investigates all surgically related deaths in Victoria, Australia, as a surgical educational activity aimed to make surgery safer. Whilst data collected within the audit are regularly reviewed for accuracy, there has never been a review of the data provided from health services.

Methods: Two-year death data provided by one Victorian health service were reviewed.

National Health Expenditure Projections, 2018-27: Economic And Demographic Trends Drive Spending And Enrollment Growth.

National health expenditures are projected to grow at an average annual rate of 5.5 percent for 2018-27 and represent 19.4 percent of gross domestic product in 2027.

National Health Expenditure Projections, 2017-26: Despite Uncertainty, Fundamentals Primarily Drive Spending Growth.

Under current law, national health spending is projected to grow 5.5 percent annually on average in 2017-26 and to represent 19.7 percent of the economy in 2026.

Scalable Device for Automated Microbial Electroporation in a Digital Microfluidic Platform.

Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWD) digital microfluidic laboratory-on-a-chip platforms demonstrate excellent performance in automating labor-intensive protocols. When coupled with an on-chip electroporation capability, these systems hold promise for streamlining cumbersome processes such as multiplex automated genome engineering (MAGE). We integrated a single Ti:Au electroporation electrode into an otherwise standard parallel-plate EWD geometry to enable high-efficiency transformation of Escherichia coli with reporter plasmid DNA in a 200 nL droplet.

National Health Expenditure Projections, 2016-25: Price Increases, Aging Push Sector To 20 Percent Of Economy.

Under current law, national health expenditures are projected to grow at an average annual rate of 5.6 percent for 2016-25 and represent 19.9 percent of gross domestic product by 2025.

National Health Expenditure Projections, 2015-25: Economy, Prices, And Aging Expected To Shape Spending And Enrollment.

Health spending growth in the United States for 2015-25 is projected to average 5.8 percent-1.3 percentage points faster than growth in the gross domestic product-and to represent 20.

National health expenditure projections, 2014-24: spending growth faster than recent trends.

Health spending growth in the United States is projected to average 5.8 percent for 2014-24, reflecting the Affordable Care Act's coverage expansions, faster economic growth, and population aging. Recent historically low growth rates in the use of medical goods and services, as well as medical prices, are expected to gradually increase.

Size matters--nanotechnology and therapeutics in rheumatology and immunology.

Nanotechnology, or the use of technology at the submicron scale, and its application to medicine (nanomedicine) draws from many ideas and technological advancements across myriad fields of materials technology and has improved biomedical understanding. Nanotechnology puts current materials science on the same physical scale as classic immune mediating substances, including viruses, moieties found on prokaryotic bacteria, and antigen presenting cells. Functionalized nanoparticles, fullerenes, liposomes, nanogels, and virus-like particles, are several examples of nanotechnology that are currently being applied to the treatment of oncologic and infectious diseases.

National health expenditure projections, 2013-23: faster growth expected with expanded coverage and improving economy.

In 2013 health spending growth is expected to have remained slow, at 3.6 percent, as a result of the sluggish economic recovery, the effects of sequestration, and continued increases in private health insurance cost-sharing requirements. The combined effects of the Affordable Care Act's coverage expansions, faster economic growth, and population aging are expected to fuel health spending growth this year and thereafter (5.

National health expenditure projections, 2012-22: slow growth until coverage expands and economy improves.

Health spending growth through 2013 is expected to remain slow because of the sluggish economic recovery, continued increases in cost-sharing requirements for the privately insured, and slow growth for public programs. These factors lead to projected growth rates of near 4 percent through 2013. However, improving economic conditions, combined with the coverage expansions in the Affordable Care Act and the aging of the population, drive faster projected growth in health spending in 2014 and beyond.

Abundant porewater Mn(III) is a major component of the sedimentary redox system.

Soluble manganese(III) [Mn(III)] can potentially serve as both oxidant and reductant in one-electron-transfer reactions with other redox species. In near-surface sediment porewater, it is often overlooked as a major component of Mn cycling. Applying a spectrophotometric kinetic method to hemipelagic sediments from the Laurentian Trough (Quebec, Canada), we found that soluble Mn(III), likely stabilized by organic or inorganic ligands, accounts for up to 90% of the total dissolved Mn pool.

The molecular biogeochemistry of manganese(II) oxidation.

Micro-organisms capable of oxidizing the redox-active transition metal manganese play an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of manganese. In the present mini-review, we focus specifically on Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria. The mechanisms by which bacteria oxidize Mn(II) include a two-electron oxidation reaction catalysed by a novel multicopper oxidase that produces Mn(IV) oxides as the primary product.

National health expenditure projections: modest annual growth until coverage expands and economic growth accelerates.

For 2011-13, US health spending is projected to grow at 4.0 percent, on average--slightly above the historically low growth rate of 3.8 percent in 2009.

National health spending projections through 2020: economic recovery and reform drive faster spending growth.

In 2010, US health spending is estimated to have grown at a historic low of 3.9 percent, due in part to the effects of the recently ended recession. In 2014, national health spending growth is expected to reach 8.

Simultaneous determination of soluble manganese(III), manganese(II) and total manganese in natural (pore)waters.

A new spectrophotometric protocol was developed for the simultaneous determination of soluble Mn(III), Mn(II) and total Mn [sum of soluble Mn(III) and Mn(II)] in sediment porewaters using a water soluble meso-substituted porphyrin [α,β,γ,δ-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (T(4-CP)P)]. A simple kinetic rate model is used to quantify soluble Mn(II), Mn(III) and total Mn concentrations during a metal substitution reaction. Under optimized conditions, the method accurately determines soluble Mn(II) and Mn(III) within a concentration range of 100 nM-10 μM.