Frailty, Physical Function Impairment and Pulmonary Function in Aging Men with and without HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).

Background: People aging with HIV (PAWH) experience greater impairment in physical and pulmonary function than individuals aging without HIV. We examined whether baseline physical function was associated with subsequent pulmonary impairments.

Methods: Associations of frailty and physical function (gait speed [m/sec], grip strength [kg]) with pulmonary function (< 80% predicted diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DL] and forced expiratory volume [FEV]) 3 years later were modeled; age, HIV status, and smoking were assessed as effect modifiers.

Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Aging Men With and Without HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

People living with HIV have greater pulmonary function impairments and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to uninfected peers. We examined whether pulmonary impairment was associated with HRQoL or respiratory health status. Using Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study data (2017-2019), associations between outcomes [HRQoL (36-Item Short Form Survey) and respiratory health status (St.

Pulmonary and physical function limitations in aging men with and without HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).

Purpose: We examined the associations between pulmonary impairments and physical function and whether age, HIV serostatus, or smoking modified these relationships.

Methods: Using Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study data, we examined associations between pulmonary function (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DL], one-second forced expiratory volume [FEV]) and subsequent physical outcomes (gait speed, grip strength, frailty [non-frail, pre-frail, frail]) using mixed models.

Results: Of 1,048 men, 55% were living with HIV, median age was 57(IQR=48,64) and median cumulative pack-years was 1.

Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes among hospitalized heart failure patients across different regions of Egypt.

Background: Regional level data on hospitalized heart failure (HHF) patients in Egypt is scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of HHF patients from four distinct geographical regions of Egypt.

Results: Study participants were part of the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long Term (ESC-HF-LT) Registry, which enrolled patients from April 2011 to February 2014.

The Effect of Total Cost Information on Consumer Treatment Decisions: An Experimental Survey.

Background: Unrestrained use of expensive, high-risk interventions runs counter to the idea of a limited medical commons.

Objective: To examine the effect of displaying the total first-year cost of implanting a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) on a hypothetical treatment decision and whether this effect differs when choosing for oneself versus for another person.

Design: We conducted an online survey in February 2016.

Differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women with breast cancer for clinical characteristics and their correlates.

Purpose: Body size and ethnicity may influence breast cancer tumor characteristics at diagnosis. We compared Hispanic and non-Hispanic white (NHW) cases for stage of disease, estrogen receptor (ER) status, tumor size, and lymph node status, and the associations of these with body size in the 4-Corners Breast Cancer Study.

Methods: One thousand five hundred twenty-seven NHW and 798 Hispanic primary incident breast cancer cases diagnosed between October 1999 and May 2004 were included.

Risk of coronary heart disease is associated with triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men.

Background: Although the physiologic interrelationships between triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are not fully understood, studies typically are adjusted for one when one is examining the role of the other. If the mechanism of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk is mediated through the other, then controlling for the second factor may mask the true effect of the first. We investigated the relationship between the combined effect of increased (↑) TG and decreased (↓) HDL-C compared with isolated ↑TG or isolated ↓HDL-C on CHD risk in men and women and compared these TG/HDL-C categories to non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C).

Behavioral risk factors and their relationship to tumor characteristics in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white long-term breast cancer survivors.

Hispanics are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer at a younger age, with more advanced stage at diagnosis, hormone receptor-negative tumors, and worse prognosis than non-Hispanic whites (NHW). Little is known regarding the association between behavioral risk factors and breast tumor characteristics and whether these associations vary by race/ethnicity. We evaluated the association between several behavioral risk factors and tumor phenotype in a population-based study of Hispanics and NHWs.

Effects of social approval bias on self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Self-reports of dietary intake in the context of nutrition intervention research can be biased by the tendency of respondents to answer consistent with expected norms (social approval bias). The objective of this study was to assess the potential influence of social approval bias on self-reports of fruit and vegetable intake obtained using both food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-hour recall methods.

Methods: A randomized blinded trial compared reported fruit and vegetable intake among subjects exposed to a potentially biasing prompt to that from control subjects.

Effects of modifying triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins on cardiovascular outcomes.

Elevated levels of triglycerides (and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins) are increasingly being recognized as treatment targets to lower cardiovascular risk in certain patient subgroups, including individuals receiving HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). Evidence suggests that these agents reduce the risk of coronary events more markedly in patients with elevated triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Further, intensive long-term statin therapy that reduces both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to <70 mg/dL and triglycerides to <150 mg/dL results in a decreased risk of cardiovascular events compared with more moderate statin treatment.

The complex role of triglycerides in cardiovascular disease.

The objectives of the present work were to obtain a summary estimate of the magnitude of association between triglycerides and cardiovascular disease in the general population based on currently available data. Our goal was to determine whether this relationship is independent of other risk factors, particularly high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), using semi-quantitative meta-analysis. We only included studies reporting the association between fasting triglyceride levels and incident cardiovascular disease endpoints.