Refractory seizures in a dialysis patient and a vitamin consigned to oblivion.

Intradialytic breakthrough seizures refractory to multiple classes of antiepileptic medications are not common and can be due to many different reasons. Pyridoxine deficiency is an under-recognized cause of such seizures and frequently missed in clinical practice. Many factors specifically related to dialysis can lead to pyridoxine deficiency and in turn can contribute to refractory seizures.

Fluro-Protein C-Phycocyanin Docked Silver Nanocomposite Accelerates Cell Migration through NFĸB Signaling Pathway.

Currently, there is a great demand for the development of nanomedicine aided wound tissue regeneration via silver doped nanoceuticals. Unfortunately, very little research is being carried out on antioxidants-doped silver nanometals and their interaction on the signaling axis during the bio-interface mechanism. In this study, c-phycocyanin primed silver nano hybrids (AgcPCNP) were prepared and analyzed for properties such as cytotoxicity, metal decay, nanoconjugate stability, size expansion, and antioxidant features.

The emerging role of exosomes in innate immunity, diagnosis and therapy.

Exosomes, which are nano-sized transport bio-vehicles, play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis by exchanging genetic or metabolic information between different cells. Exosomes can also play a vital role in transferring virulent factors between the host and parasite, thereby regulating host gene expression and the immune interphase. The association of inflammation with disease development and the potential of exosomes to enhance or mitigate inflammatory pathways support the notion that exosomes have the potential to alter the course of a disease.

Polypharmacy in cardiorenal syndrome patients.

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a term defined as complex interactions between concomitant cardiac and renal dysfunction in which disease of one organ initiates, perpetuates, and/or accelerates the decline in the other. It accounts for a third of presentations with heart failure and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Polypharmacy (defined as using five or more medications) is common in CRS patients and is associated with worst clinical outcomes.

Exploring the Pattern of Metabolic Alterations Causing Energy Imbalance via PPARα Dysregulation in Cardiac Muscle During Doxorubicin Treatment.

Cardiotoxicity by anthracycline antineoplastic drug doxorubicin is one of the systemic toxicity of the cardiovascular system. The mechanism responsible for doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and lipid metabolism remains elusive. The current study tested the hypotheses that the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the progress of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and its mechanism behind lipid metabolism.

Development of an in-situ forming, self-healing scaffold for dermal wound healing: in-vitro and in-vivo studies.

The importance of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) for wound healing has been extensively researched. Understanding its importance, multiple ECM mimetic scaffolds have been developed. However, the majority of such scaffolds are prefabricated.

Retinoic acid attenuates nuclear factor kappaB mediated induction of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Background: Acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter and a part of the cholinergic system, can modify immune responses. Expression of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in immune cells, including macrophages, leads to modulation of their function. Inflammasomes are part of the innate immune system and have been linked to a variety of inflammatory diseases.

Nanoceutical Adjuvants as Wound Healing Material: Precepts and Prospects.

Dermal wound healing describes the progressive repair and recalcitrant mechanism of 12 damaged skin, and eventually, reformatting and reshaping the skin. Many probiotics, nutritional supplements, metal nanoparticles, composites, skin constructs, polymers, and so forth have been associated with the improved healing process of wounds. The exact mechanism of material-cellular interaction is a point of immense importance, particularly in pathological conditions such as diabetes.

Retinoic acid abrogates LPS-induced inflammatory response via negative regulation of NF-kappa B/miR-21 signaling.

Context: Macrophages are essential components of the immune system, with significant roles in inflammation modulation. They can be activated into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes, depending on their micro-environment. Molecular factors that modulate macrophage polarization are hot targets for therapeutic strategies to counter chronic inflammatory pathological conditions.

Chromatic intervention and biocompatibility assay for biosurfactant derived from Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.

Extraction of biosurfactants from plants is advantageous than from microbes. The properties and robustness of biosurfactant derived from the mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca have been reported. However, the dark brown property of biosurfactant and lack of knowledge of its biocompatibility limits its scope.

MicroRNA 21 Elicits a Pro-inflammatory Response in Macrophages, with Exosomes Functioning as Delivery Vehicles.

MicroRNAs can regulate inflammatory responses by modulating macrophage polarization. Although microRNA miR-21 is linked to crucial processes involved in inflammatory responses, its precise role in macrophage polarization is controversial. In this study, we investigated the functional relevance of endogenous miRNA-21 and the role of exosomes.

Tocilizumab Use in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient for the Management of COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious, rapidly spreading viral disease. As of writing this article, there are over 4.4 million people affected by COVID-19, and unfortunately, 300,000 have succumbed to the infection.

Engineering bioactive surfaces on nanoparticles and their biological interactions.

The successful integration of nanoparticles into biomedical applications requires modulation of their surface properties so that the interaction with biological systems is regulated to minimize toxicity for biological function. In the present work, we have engineered bioactive surfaces on gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles and subsequently evaluated their interaction with mouse skin fibroblasts and macrophages. The Au and Ag nanoparticles were synthesized using tyrosine, tryptophan, isonicotinylhydrazide, epigallocatechin gallate, and curcumin as reducing and stabilizing agents.

Surface refined Au nanoconjugate stimulates dermal cell migration: possible implication in wound healing.

Refining nutraceutical conjugated metal nanoparticles (NPs) and understanding their interactions with the cellular micro-environment is necessary for their application in nanomedicine. In the present experiment, we studied the effect of quercetin functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP) on skin fibroblast and keratinocyte cell migration. Spherical shaped AuNPs of 47 nm in size were formed due to the interaction of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of quercetin with Au atoms as revealed by incremental algorithm-based analysis.

An appraisal on molecular and biochemical signalling cascades during arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity.

Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid compound commonly found in the environment, and it is usually found in combination with sulphur and metals. Arsenic is considered as a therapeutic as well as poisoning agent since ancient times. It causes toxic effects on different organs, mainly the liver.

c-Phycocyanin primed silver nano conjugates: Studies on red blood cell stress resilience mechanism.

Green synthesis of metal-encased nutraceutical nano-hybrids has been a target for research over the last few years. In the present investigation, we have reported temperature dependent facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles using FDA approved c phycocyanin (cPC). The cPC conjugated silver nanoparticles (AgcPCNPs) were characterized by TEM, Zeta Potential, UV-vis, XPS, FTIR, and CD Spectroscopy.

Cloning and expression of MPT83 gene from in BL21 as vaccine candidate of tuberculosis: A preliminary study.

The appearance of strains leading to drug resistance has caused new problems in TB treatment in various parts of the world and forces WHO to declare TB as a global emergency. With the increase of TB drug resistance, it is convinced that a more effective vaccine development will stop the epidemic of TB. Some antigens, one of which is MPT83, have been examined as TB vaccine candidate.

An appraisal of cuticular wax of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.: Extraction, chemical composition, biosafety and application.

Plastic and polythene as hydrophobic materials become a grave concern due to their non-biodegradable nature, cumbersome recycling and waste management. Cuticular wax derived from Calotropis procera is explored as an eco-friendly and safe hydrophobic material. The effects of duration of exposure to solvent, solvent type, size and side of the leaf on cuticular wax yield have been studied.

Single step formation of biocompatible bimetallic alloy nanoparticles of gold and silver using isonicotinylhydrazide.

Manufacturing nanoparticles with controlled physicochemical properties using environment-friendly routes have potential to open new prospects for a variety of applications. Accordingly, several approaches have been established for manufacturing metal nanoparticles. Many of these approaches entail the use of hazardous chemicals and could be toxic to the environment, and cannot be used readily for biomedical applications.

Review on molecular and biochemical insights of arsenic-mediated male reproductive toxicity.

Arsenic is a natural metalloid found in abundance, in the environment. Exposure to arsenic can cause health issues due to its carcinogenic nature. The primary source of arsenic contact is drinking water.

The pivotal role of microRNA-21 in osteoclastogenesis inhibition by anthracycline glycoside aloin.

Osteopenic disorders such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis are characterized by excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts relative to bone formation by osteoblasts. MicroRNAs are emerging as key players in bone remodeling, modulating the functions of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Among them, miR-21 is highly expressed in osteoclast precursors and is known to regulate genesis, differentiation, and apoptosis of osteoclasts.

Role of arsenic exposure in adipose tissue dysfunction and its possible implication in diabetes pathophysiology.

Exposure to arsenic in drinking water can stimulate a diverse number of diseases that originate from impaired lipid metabolism in adipose and glucose metabolism, leading to insulin resistance. Arsenic inhibits differentiation of adipocyte and mediates insulin resistance with diminutive information on arsenicosis on lipid storage and lipolysis. This review focused on different mechanisms and pathways involved in adipogenesis and lipolysis in adipose tissue during arsenic-induced diabetes.

Deciphering the molecular events during arsenic induced transcription signal cascade activation in cellular milieu.

Anthropogenic sources of arsenic poses and creates unintentional toxico-pathological concerns to humans in many parts of the world. The understanding of toxicity of this metalloid, which shares properties of both metal and non-metal is principally structured on speciation types and holy grail of toxicity prevention. Visible symptoms of arsenic toxicity include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Arsenic trioxide induces ROS activity and DNA damage, leading to G0/G1 extension in skin fibroblasts through the ATM-ATR-associated Chk pathway.

Arsenic (As) toxicity is a global health problem, affecting millions of people. Exposure to arsenic, mostly via drinking water, has been associated with cancer of skin, lungs, and blood, in addition to several kinds of skin lesions. The present study focused on the effect of arsenic trioxide (AsO) on normal skin fibroblast cells.