A comparison study of the turnaround time for telepsychiatry versus face-to-face consultations in general hospital nonpsychiatric emergency rooms.

Background: Psychiatric consultation services, particularly for emergencies, are limited in many parts of the United States. Telepsychiatry services are helping to bridge the gap, and are gaining acceptance and popularity. There is paucity of publications regarding comparison of turnaround time for consultations between video conferencing and traditional face-to-face psychiatric consultations in general hospital nonpsychiatric emergency departments (EDs).

The psychopharmacology of primary and metastatic brain tumors and paraneoplastic syndromes.

Brain tumors and paraneoplastic syndromes can cause various neuropsychiatric symptoms. Rarely, psychiatric symptoms may be the initial presentation of the underlying neurologic lesion. Brain imaging studies are crucial in the diagnosis of brain tumors.

The sound of music: A rare case of auditory Charles Bonnet syndrome in an elderly male.

Background: Auditory Charles Bonnet syndrome describes a rare condition that presents with sensorineural hearing loss, which can result in musical hallucinations.

Methods: A Hispanic man, age 78, with no previous psychiatric history was evaluated at our clinic with a complaint of hearing voices and music. The patient was noted to have received cochlear implantation in his right ear in 2013, due to bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.

Intermittent Transient Motor Aphasia Associated with Acute Lithium Toxicity: A Case Report and Brief Review.

Background: Lithium is known to cause certain neurological deficits. However, reports of aphasia secondary to lithium toxicity are scant. We report the case of a 70 year old African American woman with a history of schizoaffective disorder and mild dementia who developed transient intermittent aphasia secondary to lithium toxicity.

Psychotropic drug changes contributing to readmissions in medically hospitalized psychiatric patients: A retrospective study.

Background: Psychotropic drug changes during medical hospitalizations may lead to psychiatric and medical readmissions.

Methods: One-year hospitalization records of nursing home patients with chronic mental illness and a psychotropic drug change during medical admission were reviewed. We calculated the readmission rates for 30, 60, and 90 days; the classes of the psychotropic drugs changed; the reason for change; and the specialties of the responsible physicians.

Hyperprolactinemia Secondary to Pituitary Microadenoma Versus Haloperidol- A Diagnostic Enigma. A Case Report and Brief Review.

Background: Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by medications, primarily antipsychotics, or by anterior pituitary tumors. The consequences of hyperprolactinemia including gynecomastia, galactorrhea, and sexual dysfunction are very disturbing for males and females. It is sometimes difficult to differentiate the etiology of hyperprolactinemia from a clinical perspective.

Psychiatric aspects of brain tumors: A review.

Infrequently, psychiatric symptoms may be the only manifestation of brain tumors. They may present with mood symptoms, psychosis, memory problems, personality changes, anxiety, or anorexia. Symptoms may be misleading, complicating the clinical picture.

Pharmacological management of behavioral symptoms associated with dementia.

Dementia is a clinical syndrome with features of neurocognitive decline. Subtypes of dementia include Alzheimer's, frontotemporal, Parkinson's, Lewy body disease, and vascular type. Dementia is associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms that may include agitation, psychosis, depression, and apathy.

A current review of cytochrome P450 interactions of psychotropic drugs.

Background: The number of psychotropic drugs has expanded tremendously over the past few decades with a proportional increase in drug-drug interactions. The majority of psychotropic agents are biotransformed by hepatic enzymes, which can lead to significant drug-drug interactions. Most drug-drug interactions of psychotropics occur at metabolic level involving the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system.

Primary prevention of psychiatric illness in special populations.

Background: Some populations appear to be particularly vulnerable to the development of psychiatric symptomatology related to life events and biologic or social/cultural factors. Such groups include individuals who have experienced traumatic events, military personnel, individuals with serious medical conditions, postpartum women, and immigrants. This study reviews the literature regarding primary prevention of psychiatric disorders in special populations and identifies a variety of universal, selective, and indicated prevention measures aimed at minimizing the psychiatric sequelae in these groups.

Primary prevention in geriatric psychiatry.

Background: It is estimated that the number of older adults with mental illness will increase from 4 million in 1970 to 15 million by 2030. The cost of untreated mental illness in the United States is estimated to be >$100 billion annually and nearly half of that cost can be attributed to persons age ≥60. In this paper we present a comprehensive review of empiric data available on primary prevention for the most common psychiatric illnesses in this patient population.

Primary prevention in psychiatry--adult populations.

Background: The concept of prevention in psychiatry is unique. It includes promotion of mental health, identification of risk factors across the life cycle, and appropriate early interventions. Recent emphasis on intervention early in the development of mental illness has resulted in several preventive programs with varying degrees of success.

Primary psychiatric prevention in children and adolescents.

Background: Approximately 21% of US children age 9 to 17 have a diagnosable mental illness with some degree of impairment. As early-onset mental illness may persist throughout the life span, effective primary mental health prevention programs are of paramount importance.

Methods: We conducted a literature review of various preventive programs targeting childhood-onset psychopathology.

Brain tumor location and psychiatric symptoms: is there any association? A meta-analysis of published case studies.

A meta-analytic study of reports of brain tumors and psychiatric symptoms for the past 50 years was conducted to examine potential associations between tumor location and psychiatric symptoms. Results demonstrated that there is a statistically significant association between anorexia symptoms and hypothalamic tumors. For the rest of the brain regions a statistically significant association could not be definitively determined.

Extrapyramidal symptoms associated with antidepressants--a review of the literature and an analysis of spontaneous reports.

Background: Antidepressant-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) represent an underrecognized but important clinical entity. We reviewed the literature on new antidepressants and conducted an analysis of cases from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS), which has not been published before.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Ovid, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database.

Cognitive status changes based on time of day in nursing home patients with and without dementia.

Background: Changes in behavior and cognition have been observed with disruption of the circadian rhythm.

Methods: This study examined the effects of time of day (TOD) on administration of Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSEs) in nursing home patients with dementia (patients) or functional psychiatric disorders (control), using repeated measures analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs).

Results: Controls (n = 34) scored significantly higher than patients (n = 38) on total MMSE and all subscales.

Hyperprolactinemia associated with psychotropics--a review.

Introduction: Different classes of psychotropics can cause hyperprolactinemia to varying degrees. Among antipsychotics, typical agents and risperidone are the most frequent and significant offenders. In this review we discuss the pathophysiology, offending medications, assessment and management of hyperprolactinemia.

Paliperidone use in the elderly.

Paliperidone, the active metabolite of risperidone is a relatively recent introduction for the treatment of schizophrenia. There is paucity of data regarding the use of paliperidone in elderly patients. We have attempted to highlight the prominent aspects of the use of paliperidone in the geriatric population.

The role of atypical antipsychotic agents in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders in the elderly.

Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are prevalent in 1% of the adult population. The condition was thought to predominantly affect the young however recent studies have shown that the condition occurs in individuals throughout the life-span. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of atypical antipsychotics in treating schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia in the elderly.

Psychiatric manifestations of brain tumors: diagnostic implications.

Brain tumors can cause any type of psychiatric symptoms. Rarely, brain tumors can present without any localizing signs but with psychiatric symptoms. A review of the literature indicates that there is no association between psychiatric symptoms and tumor location or histological type.