Ethnic-Guided Soft Tissue Cephalometric Analysis on Lambani Indian Inhabitants for Forensic Facial Reconstruction.

Background: Forensic craniofacial reconstruction is a combination of both scientific technique and artistic skill that assist facial soft tissue approximation on the skull to obtain an image of an individual that varies in the different ethnic groups depending on genetic and environmental factors such as soft tissue norms.

Objectives: The present study was aimed to evaluate the soft tissue norms for Lambani Indian tribes spread across the state of Karnataka in India and compare them with the local inherent ethnolinguistic Kannadiga population.

Material And Methods: Forty healthy individuals encompassing 20 Lambanis and 20 Kannadigas were selected using demographic information.

Assessing the Quality of Long-Term Stored Tissues in Formalin and in Paraffin-Embedded Blocks for Histopathological Analysis.

Introduction: Formalin is the most commonly used fixative which enables for long-term storage of specimens and preserves morphologic features allowing the microscopic evaluation for future research analysis. Archival collections of the tissue serve as a reliable tool for diagnostic research purpose. They have an important role in on-going patient care, allows for evaluation of recurrent cases for diagnostic purpose and rare case specimens can also be used as an educational tool as well as for further biomedical research purposes.

Saliva as an alternative non-invasive biomarker for the estimation of uric acid levels during pregnancy: A longitudinal study.

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological condition in which the maternal environment undergoes many changes. Serum uric acid (UA) levels have been used for the early diagnosis of preeclampsia, predictor of reduced birth weight and fetal outcome. UA is also expressed in saliva, and collection of saliva sample is a noninvasive method which will be more acceptable by the patients.

Cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics in normal and obese individuals: A study in Indian subpopulation.

Background: The prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing worldwide. Reliable and noninvasive tools that can be used to diagnose such conditions may help us in mass screening and prevention. Finger prints and lip prints have been used as the genetic markers in some diseases such as diabetes mellitus.

Comparison of staining adequacy between tissues stored in formalin and paraffin embedded blocks for prolonged duration.

Introduction: Tissues submitted for histopathological diagnoses are routinely fixed in formaldehyde fixative which facilitates tissue storage for the extended period of time for further investigation or research purpose. The literature has reliable data relating to immunohistochemistry and molecular studies done using tissue fixed in formalin for longer duration and in paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. We have attempted to evaluate staining adequacy of archival specimens using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and trichrome stains.

Current challenges and the diagnostic pitfalls in the grading of epithelial dysplasia in oral potentially malignant disorders: A review.

Oral cancer is one of the common cancers in the world causing high morbidity. Development of cancer is preceded by certain asymptomatic clinical lesions and conditions all together known as 'oral potentially malignant disorders'. Histologically they are represented by the term 'oral epithelial dysplasia'.

Bcl-2 expression in reactive oral lesions with atypical epithelium and in oral epithelial dysplasia associated with carcinogen exposure.

Background: Reactive lesions of the oral cavity are nonneoplastic proliferations with very similar appearance to benign neoplastic lesions and are associated with chronic local irritation or trauma. Although these lesions are uncommonly associated with carcinogen exposure, at times, they present histopathologically with dysplastic epithelium, thus making it difficult to differentiate it from true potentially malignant disorders. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of Bcl-2 protein, an antiapoptotic marker, in reactive lesions with and without atypical epithelium and in true epithelial dysplasia, which clinically presents as premalignant disorders.

Association of oral manifestations in ulcerative colitis: A pilot study.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic tissue destructive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of autoimmune origin characterized by predominant bowel symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and relapsing and remitting rectal bleeding, leading to loss of weight. Extraintestinal manifestations, including involvement of the oral cavity, may also occur. Oral involvement during IBD includes aphthous ulcers, pyostomatitis vegetans (PV) and lichen planus (LP).

Oral carriage of cariogenic bacteria and in asthmatic adults before and after anti-asthma medication: A longitudinal study.

Background: Antiasthmatic medications such as β2 agonists and corticosteroids have shown potential side effects such as increased caries risk and oral candidiasis. Studies evaluating microbial changes in adult asthmatics are very scanty in the literature. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of asthma and its medication on cariogenic bacteria and in adult asthmatics.

Diagnostic accuracy of salivary creatinine, urea, and potassium levels to assess dialysis need in renal failure patients.

Background: The prevalence of chronic renal failure is increasing because of increase in chronic debilitating diseases and progressing age of population. These patients experience accumulation of metabolic byproducts and electrolyte imbalance, which has harmful effects on their health. Timely hemodialysis at regular intervals is a life-saving procedure for these patients.

Habit-associated salivary pH changes in oral submucous fibrosis-A controlled cross-sectional study.

Context: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a multi-causal inflammatory reaction to the chemical or mechanical trauma caused due to exposure to arecanut containing products with or without tobacco (ANCP/T). Arecanut and additional components such as lime and chewing tobacco render ANCP/T highly alkaline. Fibrosing repair is a common reaction to an alkaline exposure in the skin.

Prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma of tongue in and around Davangere, Karnataka, India: A retrospective study over 13 years.

Aim: The aim was to determine the frequency and distribution of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) involving tongue among patients by studying biopsy specimens obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India, during the past 13 years.

Methodology: Data for the study were retrieved from the case records of patients. Analyzed clinical variables included age, sex, anatomical site, and histological diagnosis.

Halitosis - An overview: Part-I - Classification, etiology, and pathophysiology of halitosis.

Halitosis is a condition where the breath is altered in an unpleasant manner for the affected individuals and impairs them socially as well as psychologically. Halitosis can be clinically classified as real halitosis, pseudohalitosis, and halitophobia. Real halitosis has oral and extra-oral etiologies and the pathophysiology involves interaction of anaerobic microbes (mainly) with the proteins present in the oral cavity fluids and contents, resulting in production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs).

Comparative evaluation of microleakage of conventional and modifications of glass ionomer cement in primary teeth: An in vitro study.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the microleakage among conventional, resin modified glass ionomer cements (GIC), and compomer cements in primary teeth.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five over retained non carious primary molars beyond exfoliation time were collected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 15). Group A: GC Fuji II; Group B: Vitremer; Group C: Compoglass F.

Mucormycosis causing maxillary osteomyelitis.

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection, more commonly observed in immunocompromised patients. The mode of infection is via the inhalation route and infection begins initially in the nose and paranasal sinuses with subsequent invasion into the vascular tissue, eventually leading to thrombosis and necrosis of nearby hard and soft tissues. Here, we report a case of chronic osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone with fungal infection (mucormycosis) and extensive tissue necrosis in an uncontrolled diabetes mellitus patient.

Nuclear features in different grades of epithelial dysplasia in leukoplakia: A computer assisted microscopic study.

Abnormalities in nuclear morphology are very frequently seen in dysplasia, such as nuclear area, diameter, shape, number of nucleoli and membrane outline. The purpose of this study was to observe and compare the nuclear features in different grades of epithelial dysplasia in leukoplakia and to evaluate the use of Feulgen stain for observing the nuclear features in oral epithelial dysplasia in leukoplakia. Seventy paraffin embedded tissue section (20 mild, 20 moderate, 20 severe dysplasia cases and 10 control specimens) were analyzed for nuclear morphology using Feulgen stain under trinocular research microscope.

Granularity in granular cell ameloblastoma.

Granular cell ameloblastoma (GCA) is one of the rare histological variants of ameloblastoma (1.5-3.5%), identified by Krompechner in 1918 and is diagnosed by the characteristic presence of granular cells.

Analysis of prevalence and clinical features of multicystic ameloblastoma and its histological subtypes in South Indian sample population: A retrospective study over 13 years.

Objective: The study was designed to analyze the frequency and clinical features of multicystic ameloblastoma and its histological variants in South Indian sample population, as there is minute information available in the English literature.

Methodology: The study source was the biopsy specimens retrieved from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India, during the past 13 years, from 2001 to 2013. Clinical data for the study were obtained from the case records of patients and the analyzed clinical variables were age, gender and anatomical location.

Prevalence and clinicopathological comparison of kerotocystic odontogenic tumor and orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst in South Indian sample population: A retrospective study over 13 years.

Aim And Methodology: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) and orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC), to identify their clinicopathological features among the patients by studying the biopsy specimens obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India during the period of 2001-2013. Data for this study is retrieved from the case records of the patients fitting the histological classification of the World Health Organization (2005). The following clinical variables, namely age, gender, anatomical location, and histological features are analyzed.

Morphological alterations in the dentition of type I diabetes mellitus patients.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder that occurs commonly in an age group, where the development of primary and permanent dentition takes place. As altered endocrine functions may affect the shape and size of teeth leading to dental anomalies, this study was conducted to look for the occurrence of any dental anomalies in type I DM patients.

Materials And Methods: A diabetic camp was conducted at Alur Chandrashekharappa Memorial Hospital, Davangere, where 30 diabetic patients were examined and the impressions of their maxillary and mandibular arches were recorded.

Sexual dimorphism in the permanent maxillary first molar: a study of the Haryana population (India).

Unlabelled: Sexual identification of immature skeletal remains is still a difficult problem to solve in Forensic Anthropology. The aim was to evaluate the existence of sexual dimorphism in maxillary first molars. The base sample comprised 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) aged 17-25 years.