Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies Structural Small Fibre Abnormalities in an Adolescent with Type 1 Diabetes and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycaemia.

Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) is present in around 25-40% of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Herein, we present a case of an adolescent with T1DM and IAH who had worse corneal nerve parameters compared to a T1DM adolescent without IAH. Small fibre abnormalities detected by corneal confocal microscopy in an objective easy-to-perform non-invasive test might be a surrogate indicator of underlying autonomic dysfunction in T1DM and IAH.

Corneal Confocal Microscopy Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without neuropathic symptoms or signs and minimal abnormality in large and small nerve fiber function tests remains largely undetermined. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of CCM in comparison to thermal detection thresholds (TDT) testing and nerve conduction studies (NCS) for detecting neuropathy in children with T1DM.

Methods: A cohort of children and adolescents with T1DM (n = 51) and healthy controls (n = 50) underwent evaluation for symptoms and signs of neurological deficits, including warm detection threshold, cold detection threshold, vibration perception threshold, NCS, and CCM.

analysis of altered expression of long non-coding RNA in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and their possible regulation by STAT1, STAT3 and interferon regulatory factors.

Altered expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), longer than 200 nucleotides without potential for coding protein, has been observed in diverse human diseases including viral diseases. It is largely unknown whether lncRNA would deregulate in SARS-CoV-2 infection, causing ongoing pandemic COVID-19. To identify, if lncRNA was deregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, we analyzed in silico the data in GSE147507.

Overt and Subclinical Adrenal Insufficiency in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Background: Tuberculosis of the adrenal glands may cause overt or subclinical adrenal insufficiency. An algorithm-based approach including assessment of paired basal cortisol and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), short Synacthen, and plasma renin activity assays could be useful to diagnose all forms of adrenal insufficiency.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included consecutive, treatment-naive subjects diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Incretins in fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes: A unique subtype of pancreatogenic diabetes.

Background: Studies evaluating endocrine and exocrine functions in fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) are scarce.

Methods: Insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] and gastric inhibitory peptide [GIP]), and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) were estimated in patients with FCPD (n = 20), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 20), and controls (n = 20) in fasting and 60 minutes after 75 g glucose.

Results: Fasting and post-glucose C-peptide and insulin in FCPD were lower than that of T2DM and controls.

Profile of Auto-antibodies (Disease Related and Other) in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is associated with several disease-related and other organ-specific autoimmune disorders. Data related to various auto-antibodies in Type 1 diabetes in India is limited.

Materials And Methods: In this cross sectional study, 92 subjects with T1DM (33 males, 59 females) were evaluated for T1DM related antibodies (autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD), autoantibodies to protein tyrosine phosphatise (anti-IA2), anti-islet cell antibody (ICA), insulin autoantibody (IAA), anti-Zinc Transporter(ZnT8) and other organ specific auto antibodies like anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb), IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (IgA anti-tTG), anti-21-hydroxylase, and anti-ovarian antibody (in females).

Neck Circumference to Height Ratio is a Reliable Predictor of Liver Stiffness and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Prediabetes.

Background And Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dysglycemia are public health challenges. There is urgent need for anthropometric surrogates for NAFLD screening. This study evaluated role of neck circumference (NC) and neck-height ratio (NHtR) as predictors of liver stiffness measure (LSM) in individuals with prediabetes (IPD).