Adsorption-desorption and leaching behavior of kresoxim-methyl in different soils of India: kinetics and thermodynamic studies.

The sorption and leaching behavior of kresoxim-methyl was explored in four different soils, viz., clay, sandy loam, loamy sand, and sandy loam (saline), representing vegetables and fruits growing regions of India. Adsorption of kresoxim-methyl in all the soils reached equilibrium within 48 h.

Kresoxim methyl dissipation kinetics and its residue effect on soil extra-cellular and intra-cellular enzymatic activity in four different soils of India.

The rate of degradation of kresoxim methyl and its effect on soil extra-cellular (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase) and intra-cellular (dehydrogenase) enzymes were explored in four different soils of India. In all the tested soils, the degradation rate was faster at the beginning, which slowed down with time indicating a non-linear pattern of degradation. Rate of degradation in black soil was fastest followed by saline, brown and red soils, respectively and followed 1st or 1st + 1st order kinetics with half-life ranging between 1-6 days for natural soil and 1-19 days for sterile soils.

Dissipation kinetics, safety evaluation, and assessment of pre-harvest interval (PHI) and processing factor for kresoxim methyl residues in grape.

A field dissipation study was conducted to evaluate the pre-harvest interval (PHI) and processing factor (PF) for kresoxim methyl (Ergon 44.3 SC) residues in grapes and during raisin making process at recommended dose (RD) and double the recommended dose (DRD). Kresoxim methyl residues dissipated following 1st-order kinetics with a half-life of 10 and 18 days at RD and DRD, respectively.

(2Z)-3-(2,4-Di-chloro-phen-yl)-3-hy-droxy-N-phenyl-prop-2-ene-thio-amide.

In the title mol-ecule, C15H11Cl2NOS, the dihedral angle between the phenyl and benzene rings is 72.24 (1)°. In the crystal, pairs of N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds form dimers with twofold rotational symmetry.

2-[(Dimethyl-amino)-methyl-idene]propane-dinitrile.

In the title moleclue, C6H7N3, the mean plane of the dimethyl-amino group [maximum deviation = 0.006 (2) Å] forms a dihedral angle of 7.95 (18)° with the mean plane of the propane-dinitrile fragment [maximum deviation = 0.

2-Amino-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoro-meth-yl)phen-yl]-5,6,7,8-tetra-hydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile.

In the title mol-ecule, C19H17F3N2O2, the fused cyclo-hexene and pyran rings adopt sofa and flattened boat conformations, respectively. The four essentially planar atoms of the pyran ring [maximum deviation = 0.008 (2) Å] form a dihedral angle of 88.

2-Amino-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoro-meth-yl)phen-yl]-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexa-hydro-quinoline-3-carbonitrile.

In the title mol-ecule, C19H18F3N3O, the dihydro-pyridine and cyclo-hexene rings both adopt sofa conformations. The five essentially planar atoms of the dihydro-pyridine ring [maximum deviation = 0.039 (2) Å] form a dihedral angle of 88.

9-(3-Fluoro-phen-yl)-3,3,6,6-tetra-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-deca-hydro-acridine-1,8-dione.

In the title mol-ecule, C23H26FNO2, the central ring of the acridinedione system adopts a slight boat conformation and the four essentially planar atoms of this ring [maximum deviation = 0.019 (1) Å] form a dihedral angle of 89.98 (6)° with the benzene ring.

9-(4-Hy-droxy-3-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-3,3,6,6-tetra-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-deca-hydro-acridine-1,8-dione.

In the title mol-ecule, C24H29NO4, the central ring of the acridinedione system adopts a flat boat conformation and the four essentially planar atoms of this ring [maximum deviation = 0.001 (2) Å] form a dihedral angle of 85.99 (12)° with the benzene ring.

9-(3,4-Dimeth-oxy-phen-yl)-3,3,6,6-tetra-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-deca-hydro-acridine-1,8-dione.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(25)H(31)NO(4), contains two independent mol-ecules. In one mol-ecule, the benzene ring and an attached meth-oxy group were refined as disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.65 (4): 0.

5-Benzoyl-4-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)-3,4-dihydro-pyrimidin-2(1H)-one.

In the title mol-ecule, C(17)H(13)FN(2)O(2), the 3,4-dihydro-pyrimidine ring adopts a flattened sofa conformation with the flap atom (which bears the fluoro-phenyl substituent) deviating from the plane defined by the remaining five ring atoms by 0.281 (2) Å. This plane forms dihedral angles of 85.

3-Meth-oxy-2-[2-({[6-(trifluoro-meth-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-oxy}meth-yl)phen-yl]prop-2-enoic acid.

The title mol-ecule, C(17)H(14)F(3)NO(4), consists of two nearly planar fragments, viz. the 2-benzyl-oxypyridine (r.m.

Methyl (2E)-2-cyano-3-(dimethyl-amino)-prop-2-enoate.

In the title compound, C(7)H(10)N(2)O(2), the dimethyl-amino group is twisted slightly relative to the acrylate fragment, forming a dihedral angle of 11.6 (1)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked via pairs of bifurcated C-H/H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers, which are further connected by C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into chains along the a-axis direction.

(2E)-3-(Dimethyl-amino)-1-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

In the title compound, C(11)H(12)FNO, the dihedral angle between the prop-2-en-1-one group and the benzene ring is 19.33 (6)°. The configuration of the keto group with respect to the olefinic double bond is s-cis.

Poly[μ₂-aqua-μ₄-(2-{3-[(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)meth-yl]-2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl}acetato)-sodium].

In the title compound, [Na(C₁₁H₁₁ClN₃O₃)(H₂O)](n), there are two independent Na(I) ions, one of which lies on an inversion center and is coordinated in a slightly distorted octa-hedral environment. The other Na(I) ion lies on a twofold rotation axis and is cooordinated in a slightly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environment. In the organic ligand, the imidazolidine ring adopts a half-chair conformation.

Ethyl 2-{3-[(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)meth-yl]-2-(nitro-imino)-imidazolidin-1-yl}acetate.

In the title compound, C(13)H(16)ClN(5)O(4), the imidazole ring is in a slight envelope conformation. The dihedral angle between the pyridine ring and the four essentially planar atoms [maximum deviation 0.015 (2) Å] of the imidazole ring is 80.

Ethyl 3-[(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)meth-yl]-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C(12)H(14)ClN(3)O(3), the imidazole ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the pyridine and imidazole rings is 70.0 (1)°.

1-[(6-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)meth-yl]imidazolidin-2-iminium chloride.

The title compound, C(9)H(12)ClN(4) (+)·Cl(-), is a natural metabolic product of imidacloprid [systematic name: (E)-1-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl-meth-yl)-N-nitro-imidazolidin-2-yl-idene-amine] and was obtained by the reduction of the latter using Fe in HCl. The dihedral angle between the pyridine and imidazole rings is 62.09 (12)°.

Multiresidue analysis of 83 pesticides and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in wine by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

A multiresidue method is described for simultaneous estimation of 83 pesticides and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in red and white wines. The samples (20mL wine, acidified with 20 mL 1% HCl) were extracted with 10 mL ethyl acetate (+20 g sodium sulphate) and cleaned by dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) with anhydrous calcium chloride and Florisil successively. The final extract (5 mL) was solvent exchanged to 1mL of cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (9:1), further cleaned by DSPE with 25mg primary secondary amine sorbent and analyzed by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) within 31 min run time.

Degradation kinetics and safety evaluation of buprofezin residues in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and three different soils of India.

Background: This work was undertaken to determine the preharvest interval (PHI) of buprofezin to minimize its residues in grapes and thereby ensure consumer safety and avoid possible non-compliance in terms of residue violations in export markets. Furthermore, the residue dynamics in three grapevine soils of India was explored to assess its environmental safety.

Results: Residues dissipated following non-linear two-compartment first + first-order kinetics.