Effectiveness of a dietician-led intervention in reducing glycated haemoglobin among people with type 2 diabetes in Nepal: a single centre, open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Nutrition education and counselling are considered a cornerstone for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is limited research related to the management of T2D through dietary approach, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Nepal. This study assessed the effectiveness of a dietician-led dietary intervention in reducing glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among people with T2D.

Factors affecting nutritional knowledge, attitude, practices and dietary intake among national players in Kathmandu, Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Good nutrition knowledge and nutrient intake have been regarded as significant determinants in enhancing athletes' performance and overall health status. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices of nutrition and dietary intake among athletes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2022 among national athletes from two sports clubs in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal.

Cataract among Patients with Renal Transplantation in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Intensive immunosuppressant therapy after renal transplantation has found to cause systemic and ocular side effects among them is cataracts. Studies on a similar topic have still remained explored in our setting. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of cataract among patients with renal transplantation in a tertiary care centre.

Ocular Findings among the Patients of Renal Transplantation.

Introduction: Renal diseases are on rise globally due to increased incidence of non-communicable diseases as well as primary-kidney diseases and frequent use of nephrotoxic drugs. Only definite treatment of End-Stage-RenalDisease (ESRD) is renal transplantation. Immuno-suppressive-drugs are prescribed lifelong after renal transplantation especially steroids which can lead to various sight-threatening complications.

Bilateral Cryptophthalmus: First Case Report from Nepal.

Introduction: Cryptophthalmus is characterized by a partial or complete casing of the eyeball by the skin. Cryptophthalmus alongside other systemic abnormalities is well-known as Fraser syndrome. It is an unusual genetic disorder with limited literature.

Evaluation of depth perception and association of severity in Glaucoma patients and suspects.

Background: To evaluate depth perception in Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), glaucoma suspects compared to controls and to determine the association between depth perception and severity of glaucoma.

Methods: This was a hospital based, comparative, cross-sectional study. The ethical clearance was taken from institutional review committee of Institute of Medicine [Reference no.

Congenital Microphthalmia with Intraorbital Cyst: A Rare Case Report.

Microphthalmia is considered to be the most common congenital malformation of the eye after congenital cataract. However, its association with intraorbital cyst is considered to be very rare. Most of the lesions are still misdiagnosed as orbital tumor and teratomas as there is a general paucity of data reported in literature.

Correlation of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness and Visual Evoked Potential in Optic Neuritis in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre.

Introduction: Optic neuritis (ON) is the involvement of the optic nerve as a result of inflammation, demyelination or infection.

Objective: To study the correlation between peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFL) and visual evoked potential (VEP) in ON cases.

Materials And Method: A non-interventional, descriptive, cross sectional study enrolling 66 eyes of 49 patients with ON was done.

Effect of High Myopia on Optic Nerve Head by Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in Nepalese Eyes.

Purpose: To compare parameters of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph [HRT] II) in high myopia with age- and sex-matched emmetropes.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Nepalese subjects aged 18 to 35 years at BP Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu from November 2015 to October 2016. Fifty consecutive subjects with high myopia (spherical equivalent ranging from -6.

Severity of primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with hypertension and diabetes.

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive optic neuropathy with numerous risk factors. Its severity with associated risk factors remains a widely debated topic.

Aim: To evaluate the severity of POAG in patients with hypertension (HTN) and diabetes or both.

Demographic pattern and clinical characteristics of optic neuritis in a tertiary eye care centre.

Purpose: To study the demographic pattern and clinical characteristics of optic neuritis cases in a tertiary eye care centre in Nepal.

Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study.

Methodology: Complete ocular examination was done in all the newly diagnosed cases of optic neuritis presenting from January 1st 2012 to June 30th 2013.

Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness for discriminating primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma using optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the discrimination capabilities of macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness parameters as measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: A total of 90 subjects were enrolled: 30 healthy subjects, 30 subjects with POAG and 30 subjects with NTG, consecutively. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular thickness and volume measurements were obtained with circular and radial SD-OCT scans.

Intraeye retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness asymmetry measurements for the discrimination of primary open-angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic capability of intraeye retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness (MT) asymmetry measurements for the discrimination of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: A total of 90 subjects were enrolled including 30 consecutive healthy subjects, 30 consecutive subjects with POAG, and 30 consecutive subjects with NTG. RNFL thicknesses around the optic disc as well as MT measurements were taken with circular and radial SD-OCT scans.

Outcome of horizontal strabismus surgery and parents' satisfaction.

Introduction: A clinical audit of strabismus surgery in children in terms of functional and cosmetic outcomes helps improve the quality of services in pediatric ophthalmology.

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of strabismus surgery and assess the satisfaction of the patients' parents with respect to the surgery outcome.

Subjects And Methods: A study of an interventional series of cases that included 60 strabismic subjects was carried out.

Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in a healthy Nepalese population by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Objective: To determine the normal values for peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD- OCT) in a healthy Nepalese population and to compare the RNFL thicknesses between the genders and among the various age groups.

Material And Methods: One hundred and fifty six eyes of 156 healthy Nepalese subjects (66 males and 88 females) of various age groups were enrolled in this observational, cross-sectional, hospital-based study. The peripapillary RNFL of the randomly chosen eye of each subject was imaged with a high resolution SD-OCT (Spectralis HRA+OCT, Heidelberg Engineering).

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucomatous Nepalese eyes and its relation with visual field sensitivity.

Background: To evaluate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in glaucomatous Nepalese eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and study its relationship with visual field sensitivity.

Methods: A total of 120 eyes comprising primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), glaucoma suspects (GS), normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and healthy subjects (n=30 cases in each group) underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including optic nerve head (ONH) evaluation and standard automated perimetry (SAP). RNFL thickness measurements around the optic disk were taken with circular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans.

Unusual case of bilateral angle closure glaucoma.

Bilateral angle closure glaucoma is a rare ocular emergency which can be a potentially blinding condition. A case of 72 years male, who developed headache and vomiting after five days of demise of his mother followed by blurring of vision. He was taken to the general hospital where all the routine tests and CT Scan head failed to reveal the cause.

Pattern of intraocular pressure fluctuation in uveitic eyes treated with corticosteroids.

Purpose: To determine IOP fluctuation in uveitic eyes treated with corticosteroids.

Design: Prospective Observational Study.

Method: Study of 116 consecutive new uveitis patients visiting Uveitis clinic, BPKLCOS.

Visual status and ocular morbidity in older adults living in residential care.

Background: The frequency of visual impairment and blindness increases with age and is more prevalent among older adults living in residential care centers. The main aim of this study was to assess the visual status and determine the prevalence and major causes of visual impairment and blindness among the older adults living in residential care centers of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 residents of 60 years or older residing in seven residential care centers of Kathmandu Valley.