Attention-guided erasing for enhanced transfer learning in breast abnormality classification.

Purpose: Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers globally, necessitating effective early screening and diagnosis. This study investigates the effectiveness and generalizability of our recently proposed data augmentation technique, attention-guided erasing (AGE), across various transfer learning classification tasks for breast abnormality classification in mammography.

Methods: AGE utilizes attention head visualizations from DINO self-supervised pretraining to weakly localize regions of interest (ROI) in images.

Co-pyrolysis of furniture wood with mixed plastics and waste tyres: assessment of synergistic effect on biofuel yield and product characterization under different blend ratio.

Pyrolysis of waste furniture wood, mixed plastics and waste tyres was examined separately and in different combinations from the perspective of improved value products and energy production. The effect of different combinations of furniture wood, plastics and tyres on the product distribution during co-pyrolysis was analyzed. The experimental work throughout this study was performed at a temperature of 500 °C.

Investigation on energy, economic, and environmental aspects of double-pass solar air heater.

Numerous research studies have found that a double-pass solar air heater (DPSAH) performs better than a single-pass solar air heater (SAH). This suggested study aims to evaluate the performance of a DPSAH setup in Southern Tamil Nadu, India. Several artificial roughness features have been incorporated into the solar black-coated absorber plate for this examination.

External Validation of Predictive Models for Failed Medical Management of Spinal Epidural Abscess.

Objective: There is limited consensus regarding management of spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs), particularly in patients without neurologic deficits. Several models have been created to predict failure of medical management in patients with SEA. We evaluate the external validity of 5 predictive models in an independent cohort of patients with SEA.

An interventional study evaluating the NTCP (NATIONAL TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAM) guidelines-based education model in semi-urban school population.

Background: The present study was carried out to assess the awareness of the adverse consequences of tobacco use in the semi-urban school population in Wardha district because tobacco use in schools is a significant concern and is rising at an alarming rate. The purpose of the current study was to assess the prevalence of tobacco use among students and teachers as well as their knowledge of the negative effects of tobacco use. It also aimed to educate students and teachers about these effects and assess the effectiveness of the intervention.

Demographic Profile of Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Anomaly: 15-year Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital and Teaching Institute in Wardha District of Maharashtra, India.

Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is considered to be a congenital defect involving the orofacial region. This defect affects the esthetics, speech as well and psychological well-being of a person. The study was performed to analyze the prevalence of different types of cleft deformity reported in a tertiary care hospital which would aid in spreading awareness and thereby reducing the prevalence of this congenital defect.

Factors Influencing Parents' Decision in Choosing a Pediatric Dentist.

Introduction Pediatric dentists support children's dental health while also providing parents with health education and information. Parents are guardians of their children's oral health, as their knowledge, beliefs, also attitude about oral health can influence early childhood oral health directly or indirectly. Recognizing parenting practices on early childhood oral health is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for the child, because parents' health attitudes, behavior, and their children's dental health are usually influenced directly or indirectly by their practice.

Unveiling Hidden Canals: Middle Mesial Canal Prevalence in Mandibular First Molars Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis in Central India.

Background The most frequent reason involving failure of root canal treatment in molar teeth is the inability to locate additional canals. While much research has been conducted on the morphology of mandibular molars, little is known about isthmuses and middle mesial (MM) canals in the Indian population. The primary aim of the present research was to determine the prevalence of MM canals and isthmuses of mandibular first molars in the Central India population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Exploring key-stakeholder perceptions on non-communicable disease care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya.

Introduction: over one third of total Disability-Adjusted-Life-Years lost in Kenya are due to non-communicable diseases (NCD). In response, the Government declared significant commitment towards improving NCD care. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the burden on the already overstretched health systems in Kenya.

Measuring Dipolar Order Parameters in Nondeuterated Proteins Using Solid-State NMR at the Magic-Angle-Spinning Frequency of 100 kHz.

Proteins are dynamic molecules, relying on conformational changes to carry out function. Measurement of these conformational changes can provide insight into how function is achieved. For proteins in the solid state, this can be done by measuring the decrease in the strength of anisotropic interactions due to motion-induced fluctuations.

Assessing the NATIONAL TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAMME (NTCP) guidelines-based education model in semi-urban school population: An interventional study.

Background: Awareness in semi-urban school population about harmful effects of tobacco use. Hence, the objectives of the present research protocol are to evaluate the incidence of tobacco usage amongst school children and educators, to evaluate the knowledge of students and teachers regarding the harmful effects of tobacco, to educate students and teachers regarding the deleterious effects of tobacco and to evaluate the success of the intervention.

Material And Methods: This study will be conducted at a semi-urban school located in the Wardha district.

Salivary biomarkers in COVID-19 patients.

The use of salivary biomarkers in diagnosis, treatment, and overall prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been developed recently. Salivary biomarkers are extremely promising as they are fast to obtain and involve noninvasive collection of specimens. Monitoring patients in real time is necessary in this pandemic.

Asynchronising five-fold symmetry sequence for better homonuclear polarisation transfer in magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR.

Recoupling, decoupling, and multidimensional correlation experiments in magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR can be designed by exploiting the symmetry of internal spin interactions. One such scheme, namely, C5, and its supercycled version SPC5, notated as a five-fold symmetry sequence, is widely used for double-quantum dipole-dipole recoupling. Such schemes are generally rotor synchronised by design.

How viral proteins bind short linear motifs and intrinsically disordered domains.

Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasites that exploit the host cellular machinery to replicate their genome. During the viral life cycle viruses manipulate the host cell through interactions with host proteins. Many of these protein-protein interactions are mediated through the recognition of host globular domains by short linear motifs (SLiMs), or longer intrinsically disordered domains (IDD), in the disordered regions of viral proteins.

Markov model- Quantifying outlook towards success of tobacco cessation counseling.

Smoking is still a major public health issue that causes morbidity and mortality all over the world. The percentage of deaths caused by tobacco smoking has escalated from 1.4% in 1990 to 13.

The Effectiveness of Herbal Versus Non-Herbal Mouthwash for Periodontal Health: A Literature Review.

Dental plaque is a biofilm of microorganisms that present naturally on the exposed tooth surface; it is the main etiological factor for many periodontal conditions and other oral health issues and its regular removal from the oral cavity can prevent many periodontal problems. Despite several experiments using herbal oral care products to reduce dental plaque or gingivitis, the findings remain inconclusive. We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) dating from 2001 up to and including the year 2021.

Co-pyrolysis of neem wood bark and low-density polyethylene: influence of plastic on pyrolysis product distribution and bio-oil characterization.

In this study, the investigation on the effect of plastic during co-pyrolysis with biomass was carried out in a fixed reactor. Pyrolysis of neem wood bark (NB), low density polyethylene (LDPE) and their blends at different ratios was performed in order to evaluate the product distribution. The effects of reaction temperature and NB-to-LDPE blend ratio on product distribution and the chemical compositions of pyrolysis oil were examined.

Substoichiometric Hsp104 regulates the genesis and persistence of self-replicable amyloid seeds of Sup35 prion domain.

Prion-like self-perpetuating conformational conversion of proteins is involved in both transmissible neurodegenerative diseases in mammals and non-Mendelian inheritance in yeast. The transmissibility of amyloid-like aggregates is dependent on the stoichiometry of chaperones such as heat shock proteins (Hsps), including disaggregases. To provide the mechanistic underpinnings of the formation and persistence of prefibrillar amyloid seeds, we investigated the role of substoichiometric Hsp104 on the in vitro amyloid aggregation of the prion domain (NM-domain) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sup35.

Shimon Vega in the eyes of his students and postdocs.

Professor Shimon Vega (1943-2021) of the Weizmann Institute of Science passed away on the 16-th of November. Shimon Vega established theoretical frameworks to develop and explain solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) techniques and methodologies. His departure left a profound mark on his many students, postdocs, and colleagues.

An integrated CRITIC-TOPSIS- and Entropy-TOPSIS-based informative weighting and ranking approach for evaluating green energy sources and its experimental analysis on pyrolysis.

Selection of the most suitable biomass material for bio-fuel generation is a complex and multi-criteria decision problem as it engages many conflicting criteria which have to be assessed simultaneously. In the past, researchers have used subjective weighing techniques, which question the reliability of the approach. In this study, two objective weighing methods such as Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) and Entropy are used to calculate the weights of evaluating criteria and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied to select the suitable biomass material.

Highly selective and sensitive 'on-off' fluorescent chemosensor for Fe ions crafted by benzofuran moiety in both experimental and theoretical methods.

A benzofuran glycinamide-based chemosensor, 3-(2-([4-fluorobenzyl]amino)acetamido)benzofuran-2-carboxamide (BGA) was developed and synthesized for the selective and sensitive detection of Fe ions. The photophysical properties of the probe BGA were studied using UV-visible light absorption and fluorescence spectrophotometers. The chemosensor BGA showed a marked 'on-off' fluorescence response towards Fe ions in the presence of other metal ions in DMSO/H O solution (9/1, v/v).