Expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins and their correlation with clinical staging in breast cancer.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of expression of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in sporadic breast cancer cases to determine the functional role of these genes in breast carcinogenesis.

Materials And Methods: Paraffin embedded histologically proven invasive breast tissue sections that were obtained from 40 patients and the adjacent normal breast tissue sections used as controls to determine breast carcinoma specific changes in the expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results: Majority of the cases express either low or no detectable level of BRCA1 expression in tumor tissues in comparison with control; the decline in BRCA1 expression was found to be more prominent in advanced grade 3 disease.

Usefulness of histopathological examination in uterine prolapse specimens.

Background: Uterovaginal prolapse frequently occurs in postmenopausal women. Hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair is one of the frequently performed surgeries in treating women who have completed their family and are not particular about preserving menstrual function. These hysterectomy specimens are submitted for histopathological examination to confirm the diagnosis.

Nonhealing ulcer--a rare initial presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia diagnosed on aspiration cytology.

Involvement of skin in hematologic malignancies is rare phenomena as majority of the dermatologic lesions in leukemia patients are nonleukemic. In the absence of preceding history of leukemia, the diagnosis is often a surprise. Chronic nonhealing ulcer on the back of a 65-years-old male prompted a fine needle aspiration from its base.

Cytologic diagnosis in benign odontogenic tumor with abundant calcification: a case report.

Background: Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) accounts for a mere 2-6.8% of odontogenic tumors. The cytologic features of this uncommon entity are not well characterized and may prove challenging in atypical smears, as in our case.

Limitations in the role of ulcer edge biopsy in establishing the aetiology of nontraumatic small bowel perforation.

Spontaneous small intestinal perforations are common in India. Surgeons operating on patients with an obscure peritonitis should be aware of the diverse aetiologies of small intestinal perforations in order to be able to provide the appropriate management. We reviewed the pathology records of 165 patients operated on for nontraumatic perforations of the small intestines in our hospital between 2005 and 2007.

Transient thrombocytosis with megathrombocytes in a case of acute myeloblastic leukemia.

Thrombocytosis is commonly seen in reactive conditions and certain neoplastic states, such as chronic myeloproliferative disorders. It is rarely seen in acute leukemia. A 12-year-old girl with acute myeloblastic leukemia (FAB M2) in remission presented with pyoderma.

Prevalence of HIV and VDRL seropositivity in blood donors of Delhi.

Blood transfusion has been the transmission mechanism in 15 per cent of total patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A few reports are available regarding the trend of HIV seropositivity in northern India. Prevalence of VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory) reactivity varies from 0.