Assessing the role of Osteopontin in prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma- A systematic review.

Background: Oral cancer is always a global burden. It is the sixteenth most common cancer. It leads to metastasis since it is often diagnosed at late stages.

Antifungal Activity of Piperine-based Nanoemulsion Against Candida spp. via In Vitro Broth Microdilution Assay.

Candidemia leaves a trail of approximately 750,000 cases yearly, with a morbidity rate of up to 30%. While Candida albicans still ranks as the most predominantly isolated Candida species, C. glabrata comes in second, with a death rate of 40-50%.

A Large Benign Adrenocortical Adenoma Cosecreting Testosterone and Cortisol.

Most adrenal incidentalomas are benign neoplasms of the adrenal cortex. While the majority are nonfunctional, many secrete cortisol. Androgen- or estrogen-secreting adenomas are rare.

Understanding Factors Associated with Motivation to Quit Vaping among Vapers in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The prevalence of vaping worldwide is showing an upward trend. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with motivation to quit vaping among vapers in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, through a cross-sectional, purposive sampling study. Respondents were required to complete a questionnaire consisting of vapers' sociodemographic questions, habitual behavioral pattern questions, the e-Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence, the Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Dependence Questionnaire, perception questions, motivation to quit questions, and withdrawal symptom questions.

Cardioprotective effects of arjunolic acid in LPS-stimulated H9C2 and C2C12 myotubes via the My88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway.

Context: Arjunolic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid saponin found in (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (Combretaceae).

Synergistic effects of combined cisplatin and extract on triple negative breast cancer cells.

Objective: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most invasive breast cancer subtype enriched with cancer stem cells. TNBCs do not express estrogen, progesterone, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptors, making them difficult to be targeted by existing chemotherapy treatments. In this study, we attempted to identify the effects of combined cisplatin and treatment on MDA-MD-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, which represent TNBC subtypes.

Current Development of Chemical Penetration Enhancers for Transdermal Insulin Delivery.

The use of the transdermal delivery system has recently gained ample recognition due to the ability to deliver drug molecules across the skin membrane, serving as an alternative to conventional oral or injectable routes. Subcutaneous insulin injection is the mainstay treatment for diabetes mellitus which often leads to non-compliance among patients, especially in younger patients. Apart from its invasiveness, the long-term consequences of insulin injection cause the development of physical trauma, which includes lipohypertrophy at the site of administration, scarring, infection, and sometimes nerve damage.

A Systematic Review of Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in Cancer Management.

Background: Cancer remains a challenging target to cure, with present therapeutic methods unable to exhibit restorative outcomes without causing severe negative effects. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been reported to be a promising adjunctive therapy for cancer treatment, having the capability to induce anti-proliferative, anti-oxidative, pro-apoptotic and anti-tumoural effects. This review summarises the findings from various articles on the mechanism, treatment outcomes, and overall effectiveness of H2 therapy on cancer management.

Urbanisation and its associated factors affecting human gut microbiota: where are we heading to?

Context: The continuous rise in urbanisation and its associated factors has been reflected in the structure of the human gut ecosystem.

Objective: The main focus of this review is to discuss and summarise the major risk factors associated with urbanisation that affect human gut microbiota thus affecting human health.

Methods: Multiple medical literature databases, namely PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were used to find relevant materials for urbanisation and its major factors affecting human gut microbiota/microbiome.

Feasibility study of computational occupational dosimetry: evaluating a proof-of-concept in an endovascular and interventional cardiology setting.

Individual monitoring of radiation workers is essential to ensure compliance with legal dose limits and to ensure that doses are As Low As Reasonably Achievable. However, large uncertainties still exist in personal dosimetry and there are issues with compliance and incorrect wearing of dosimeters. The objective of the PODIUM (Personal Online Dosimetry Using Computational Methods) project was to improve personal dosimetry by an innovative approach: the development of an online dosimetry application based on computer simulations without the use of physical dosimeters.

Staged treatment for pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm with coeliac artery revascularisation: Case report and systematic review.

Background: Despite being rare, pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms (PDAAs) carry a risk of rupture of up to 50% and are frequently associated with coeliac artery occlusion.

Methods: PubMed and Embase databases were searched using appropriate terms. The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.

A reappraisal on amyloid cascade hypothesis: the role of chronic infection in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that accounted for the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population. Lately, 'infection hypothesis' has been proposed where the infection of microbes can lead to the pathogenesis of AD. Among different types of microbes, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), , Spirochetes and are frequently detected in the brain of AD patients.

Nanoprotection from SARS-COV-2: would nanotechnology help in Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) to control the transmission of COVID-19?

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide outbreak. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus can be transmitted human-to-human through droplets and close contact where personal protective equipment (PPE) is imperative to protect the individuals. The advancement of nanotechnology with significant nanosized properties can confer a higher form of protection.

A closer look at the mycobiome in Alzheimer's disease: Fungal species, pathogenesis and transmission.

Candida spp., Malassezia spp., Cladosporium spp.

Rescue of Failed Aortic Repair with Fenestrated Endovascular Device.

Introduction: The incidence of failed endovascular (EVAR) and open repair (OR) is increasing. Redo aortic repair is required in 10% of patients. Extension of the proximal sealing zone above the visceral arteries to adequate, healthier thoracic aorta using a fenestrated graft (FEVAR) can rescue a failing repair.

Implementation of a cauda equina service in a medium-sized district general hospital in the UK.

Aim: This project explored how the implementation of national guidance for investigation and management of patients with suspected cauda equina syndrome impacted on service provision.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with suspected cauda equina syndrome during 12 months before the implementation of the national guidelines were compared with data from the 21 months following.

Results: Monthly mean numbers of referrals for suspected cauda equina syndrome increased from 10.

Histoplasmosis: An Unusual Cause of Adrenal Insufficiency.

Objective: Adrenal insufficiency (AI), if not diagnosed in a timely manner, can lead to fatal outcomes. Here we describe an unusual case of AI secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) and the importance of being aware of the association of infections and AI.

Methods: A 56-year-old Hispanic man with untreated HIV infection presented for the evaluation of left upper jaw swelling and pain.

Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and Nanotechnologies.

Biofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulation of drug efflux pumps, (6) point mutation and overexpression of resistance genes, and (7) presence of persister cells. The genes involved and their implications in antimicrobial resistance are well defined for bacterial biofilms but are understudied in fungal biofilms. Potential therapeutics for biofilm mitigation that have been reported include (1) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, (2) antimicrobial lock therapy, (3) antimicrobial peptides, (4) electrical methods, and (5) antimicrobial coatings.

CREB nuclear transcription activity as a targeting factor in the treatment of diabetes and diabetes complications.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder diagnosed by elevated blood glucose levels and a defect in insulin production. Blood glucose, an energy source in the body, is regenerated by two fundamental processes: glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. These two processes are the main mechanisms used by humans and many other animals to maintain blood glucose levels, thereby avoiding hypoglycaemia.

Empiric Determination of the Daily Glucocorticoid Replacement Dose in Adrenal Insufficiency.

Background: For the treatment of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in adults, the Endocrine Society's recommended daily glucocorticoid replacement dose (DGRD) is 15 to 25 mg hydrocortisone (HC), which is approximately 1.7 times the reported mean daily cortisol production rate. Prolonged glucocorticoid overtreatment causes multiple morbidities.

Explicating anti-amyloidogenic role of curcumin and piperine via amyloid beta (A) explicit pathway: recovery and reversal paradigm effects.

Previously, we reported the synergistic effects of curcumin and piperine in cell cultures as potential anti-cholinesterase and anti-amyloidogenic agents. Due to limited findings on the enrolment of these compounds on epigenetic events in AD, we aimed at elucidating the expression profiles of A42-induced SH-SY5Y cells using microarray profiling. In this study, an optimized concentration of 35 µM of curcumin and piperine in combination was used to treat A42 fibril and high-throughput microarray profiling was performed on the extracted RNA.

von Willebrand Factor Antigen, von Willebrand Factor Propeptide, and ADAMTS13 in Carotid Stenosis and Their Relationship with Cerebral Microemboli.

Background:  The relationship between von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag), VWF propeptide (VWFpp), VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratio, ADAMTS13 activity, and microembolic signal (MES) status in carotid stenosis is unknown.

Methods:  This prospective, multicenter study simultaneously assessed plasma VWF:Ag levels, VWFpp levels and ADAMTS13 activity, and their relationship with MES in asymptomatic versus symptomatic moderate-to-severe (≥50-99%) carotid stenosis patients. One-hour transcranial Doppler ultrasound of the middle cerebral arteries classified patients as MES+ve or MES-ve.