Informal E-Waste Flows in Montréal: Implications for Extended Producer Responsibility and Circularity.

Environmental agencies around the world have adopted policies to manage e-waste and reduce the negative environmental impacts associated with its collection, sorting, dismantling, and recycling. In many OECD countries, where adequate policies and processing technologies exist, those who manage extended producer responsibility programs claim performance challenges due to competition from various actors collecting and managing e-waste "under the radar". While the material and economic losses attributed to such informal activities have been estimated by previous research, a detailed understanding of who is involved in these activities, why and how they operate, and with what social and environmental impacts, is often lacking.

Transport and urban air pollution in India.

The rapid growth in motor vehicle activity in India and other rapidly industrializing low-income countries is contributing to high levels of urban air pollution, among other adverse socioeconomic, environmental, health, and welfare impacts. This paper first discusses the local, regional, and global impacts associated with air pollutant emissions resulting from motor vehicle activity, and the technological, behavioral, and institutional factors that have contributed to these emissions, in India. The paper then discusses some implementation issues related to various policy measures that have been undertaken, and the challenges of the policy context.