The Biological Effects of Magnesium-Based Implants on the Skeleton and Their Clinical Implications in Orthopedic Trauma Surgery.

Magnesium (Mg)-based implants have evolved as a promising innovation in orthopedic trauma surgery, with the potential to revolutionize the treatment of bone diseases, including osteoporotic fractures and bone defects. Available clinical studies mostly show excellent patient outcomes of resorbable Mg-based implants, without the need for subsequent implant removal. However, the occurrence of radiolucent zones around Mg-based implants seems to be a noticeable drawback for a more widespread clinical use.

Preclinical Validation of MIN-T: A Novel Controlled-Released Formulation for the Adjunctive Local Application of Minocycline in Periodontitis.

Adjunctive treatment of periodontitis lacks solutions which allow for enough time for wound healing in the periodontal pockets by avoiding fast re-colonization. Such a solution might be an antibiotic-containing formulation with a controlled release over a period of weeks. Here, a recently described minocycline-containing approach is qualified for further clinical development by focusing on proof-of-concept, systemic burden, resistance development, and degradation studies.

Anxiety, Depressive, and Eating Disorders in Adolescents.

Adolescent anxiety, depressive, and eating disorders are a worsening population health issue that primary care clinicians play a critical role in addressing. Implementing universal screening into clinical practices for depression at age 12 years and anxiety at age 8 years is the first step to diagnosis. Referencing 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnostic criteria is essential to making the correct diagnosis after ruling out underlying medical conditions.

Impact of body mass index on fracture severity, clinical, radiological and functional outcome in distal radius fractures: a retrospective observational study after surgical treatment.

Introduction: Distal radius fracture (DRF) is one of the three most common fractures of the human body with increasing incidences in all groups of age. Known causes of increasing incidence, such as ageing of the population or increased obesity, have been described and discussed. So far, literature reports ambivalent effects of body mass index (BMI) on bone physiology.

Potent drug delivery enhancement of betulinic acid and NVX-207 into equine skin in vitro - a comparison between a novel oxygen flow-assisted transdermal application device and microemulsion gels.

Background: Gray horses are predisposed to equine malignant melanoma (EMM) with advancing age. Depending on the tumor's location and size, they can cause severe problems (e.g.

Missed Monteggia Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Treatment Algorithm.

Monteggia injuries are rare childhood injuries. In 25-50% of cases, however, they continue to be overlooked, leading to a chronic Monteggia injury. Initially, the chronic Monteggia injury is only characterized by a moderate motion deficit, which is often masked by compensatory movements.

Beyond bNAbs: Uses, Risks, and Opportunities for Therapeutic Application of Non-Neutralising Antibodies in Viral Infection.

The vast majority of antibodies generated against a virus will be non-neutralising. However, this does not denote an absence of protective capacity. Yet, within the field, there is typically a large focus on antibodies capable of directly blocking infection (neutralising antibodies, NAbs) of either specific viral strains or multiple viral strains (broadly-neutralising antibodies, bNAbs).

Evaluation of the efficiency of an ultrasound-supported infiltration technique in patients with tennis elbow applying the ITEC medical device: a multicenter study.

Background: The treatment of lateral epicondylitis remains unsatisfactory in certain cases. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of an ultrasound-guided infiltration combined with fenestration of the extensor tendon postulating a 50% reduction in pain on exertion within 6 months.

Methods: In a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter study design, 68 patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis and symptoms lasted for at least 6 weeks were included.

Does a prehospital applied pelvic binder improve patient survival?

Introduction: Pelvic fractures are serious and oftentimes require immediate medical attention. Pelvic binders have become a critical tool in the management of pelvic injuries, especially in the prehospital setting. Proper application of the pelvic binder is essential to achieve the desired result.

Development of Poly(sorbitol adipate)--poly(ethylene glycol) Mono Methyl Ether-Based Hydrogel Matrices for Model Drug Release.

Hydrogels were prepared by Steglich esterification and by crosslinking pre-synthesized poly(sorbitol adipate)--poly(ethylene glycol) mono methyl ether (PSA--mPEG) using different-chain-length-based disuccinyl PEG. PSA and PSA--mPEG were investigated for polymer degradation as a function of time at different temperatures. PSA--mPEG hydrogels were then evaluated for their most crucial properties of swelling that rendered them suitable for many pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

ASDs of PROTACs: Spray-dried solid dispersions as enabling formulations.

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are a promising class of pharmaceutical agents with a unique mode of action. PROTACs enable the targeting of a broad variety of structures including transcription factors and other "undruggable" targets. The poor solubility and slow dissolution of PROTACs currently limit the extensive use of their potential.

Applicability of Redirecting Artemisinins for New Targets.

Employing new therapeutic indications for drugs that are already approved for human use has obvious advantages, including reduced costs and timelines, because some routine steps of drug development and regulation are not required. This work concentrates on the redirection of artemisinins (ARTS) that already are approved for clinical use, or investigated, for malaria treatment. Several mechanisms of action are suggested for ARTS, among which only a few have been successfully examined in vivo, mainly the induction of oxidant stress and anti-inflammatory effects.

Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Breast: An Approach to Medical and Surgical Management.

Primary small cell carcinoma of the breast (PSCCB) is a rare and aggressive tumor. Due to the small number of PSCCB cases, there are no established treatment protocols. We report a case of a 55-year-old perimenopausal woman who presented with a palpable left breast mass.

Introduction to the Masterclass Series.

Harwood P, Mader K, Nayagam S. Introduction to the Masterclass Series. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2023;18(1):1.

Mid-term clinical and sonographic outcomes of minimally invasive acromioclavicular joint reconstruction: mini-open versus arthroscopically assisted.

Introduction: The current literature describes various operative stabilization strategies which achieve good clinical outcomes after acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation. The aim of this study was to compare the mid-term clinical and sonographic treatment outcomes after minimally invasive mini-open and arthroscopic reconstruction.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective two-center study of patients with acute ACJ dislocation.

How enzymatic hydrolysis of polysorbate 20 influences colloidal protein stability.

Polysorbates (PS) are esters of ethoxylated sorbitol anhydrides of different composition and are widely used surfactants in biologics. PSs are applied to increase protein stability and concomitant shelf-life via shielding against e.g.

Comparative Stability Study of Polysorbate 20 and Polysorbate 80 Related to Oxidative Degradation.

The surfactants polysorbate 20 (PS20) and polysorbate 80 (PS80) are utilized to stabilize protein drugs. However, concerns have been raised regarding the degradation of PSs in biologics and the potential impact on product quality. Oxidation has been identified as a prevalent degradation mechanism under pharmaceutically relevant conditions.

Characterization of Controlled Release Starch-Nimodipine Implant for Antispasmodic and Neuroprotective Therapies in the Brain.

Parenteral depot systems can provide a constant release of drugs over a few days to months. Most of the parenteral depot products on the market are based on poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactide--glycolide) (PLGA). Studies have shown that acidic monomers of these polymers can lead to nonlinear release profiles or even drug inactivation before release.

Oxidation of polysorbates - An underestimated degradation pathway?

To ensure the stability of biologicals over their entire shelf-life, non-ionic surface-active compounds (surfactants) are added to protect biologics from denaturation and particle formation. In this context, polysorbate 20 and 80 are the most used detergents. Despite their benefits of low toxicity and high biocompatibility, specific factors are influencing the intrinsic stability of polysorbates, leading to degradation, loss in efficacy, or even particle formation.

Thermoresponsive swelling of photoacoustic single-chain nanoparticles.

NIR-fluorescent LCST-type single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) change their photophysical behaviour upon heating, caused by depletion of water from the swollen SCNP interiors. This thermoresponsive effect leads to a fluctuating photoacoustic (PA) signal which can be used as a contrast mechanism for PA imaging.

Functional genomics in stem cell models: considerations and applications.

Protocols to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells have advanced in terms of cell type specificity and tissue-level complexity over the past 2 decades, which has facilitated human disease modeling in the most relevant cell types. The ability to generate induced PSCs (iPSCs) from patients further enables the study of disease mutations in an appropriate cellular context to reveal the mechanisms that underlie disease etiology and progression. As iPSC-derived disease models have improved in robustness and scale, they have also been adopted more widely for use in drug screens to discover new therapies and therapeutic targets.

Towards the optimization of drug delivery to the cochlear apex: Influence of polymer and drug selection in biodegradable intracochlear implants.

There is growing need for new drug delivery systems for intracochlear application of drugs to effectively treat inner ear disorders. In this study, we describe the development and characterization of biodegradable, triamcinolone-loaded implants based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA) respectively, prepared by hot-melt extrusion. PEG 1500 was used as a plasticizer to improve flexibility and accelerate drug release.

Synthesis and Characterization of Dimeric Artesunate Glycerol Monocaprylate Conjugate and Formulation of Nanoemulsion Preconcentrate.

Malaria is one of the major life-threatening health problems worldwide. Artesunate is the most potent antimalarial drug to combat severe malaria. However, development of drug resistance, short plasma half-life, and poor bioavailability limit the efficacy of this drug.