Carbohydrate issues: type and amount.

Both the type and amount of carbohydrate found in foods influence postprandial glucose levels and can also affect overall glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. This review, based on the American Diabetes Association's Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes, and the American Dietetic Association's Evidence Analysis Library (Diabetes 1 and 2), provides a description and interpretation of the clinical studies involving diabetes and type and amount of carbohydrate. Although the relationship between blood glucose and insulin is linear, not all types of carbohydrate are fully metabolized to blood glucose.

Nutrition therapy for diabetic nephropathy.

Human observational studies report no association between protein intakes less than 20% of energy intake and the development of renal disease. With protein intakes greater than 20% of energy intake there is an association between protein with increased albumin excretion rate. Once albuminuria is present, intervention studies suggest a beneficial effect on renal function with a reduction of protein to 0.

Animal versus plant protein meals in individuals with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: effects on renal, glycemic, and lipid parameters.

Objective: To determine, for individuals with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria, the effects of 6 weeks of meals containing plant-based protein (PP) versus meals with predominantly animal-based protein (AP) on renal function and secondarily on glycemia, lipid levels, and blood pressure.

Research Design And Methods: In a randomized crossover trial, we compared 6 weeks of meals containing only PP with meals containing primarily AP (60% animal, 40% plant) in 17 subjects with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria treated with diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents. Protein content was equivalent to the average American diet, and calories provided weight maintenance.