Preventable trauma deaths in the Western Cape of South Africa: A consensus-based panel review.

Injury causes 4.4 million deaths worldwide annually. 90% of all injury-related deaths occur in low-and-middle income countries.

IUD Insertion Under Conscious Sedation: Patient Characteristics with Clinical Decisions.

Study Objective: Uptake of intrauterine devices (IUDs) in the adolescent population may be limited by anxiety and pain anticipated during the insertion procedure. Our institution offers conscious sedation for IUD insertion to mitigate this concern. The objective of this study was to identify characteristics and outcomes of teens choosing between two types of conscious sedation for insertion of a levonorgestrel IUD.

Developmental regulation of zinc homeostasis in differentiating oligodendrocytes.

Oligodendrocytes develop through sequential stages and understanding pathways regulating their differentiation remains an important area of investigation. Zinc is required for the function of enzymes, proteins and transcription factors, including those important in myelination and mitosis. Our previous studies using the ratiometric zinc sensor chromis-1 demonstrated a reduction in intracellular free zinc concentrations in mature MBP+ oligodendrocytes compared with earlier stages (Bourassa et al.

Seeking and reaching emergency care: A cross sectional household survey across two Liberian counties.

The overwhelming burden of morbidity and mortality from injury and medical conditions requiring acute care are borne by low- and middle-income countries lacking accessible, quality care systems. Current evidence suggests the lack of prehospital care systems likely contributes to this disproportionate burden. As an initial step in a longitudinal, collaborative effort to strengthen the chain of survival for emergency conditions in Liberia, baseline attitudes and behaviors in accessing and utilizing emergency care were characterized.

Copper induces neuron-sparing, ferredoxin 1-independent astrocyte toxicity mediated by oxidative stress.

Copper is an essential enzyme cofactor in oxidative metabolism, anti-oxidant defenses, and neurotransmitter synthesis. However, intracellular copper, when improperly buffered, can also lead to cell death. Given the growing interest in the use of copper in the presence of the ionophore elesclomol (CuES) for the treatment of gliomas, we investigated the effect of this compound on the surround parenchyma-namely neurons and astrocytes in vitro.

Developmental regulation of zinc homeostasis in differentiating oligodendrocytes.

Oligodendrocytes develop through well characterized stages and understanding pathways regulating their differentiation remains an active area of investigation. Zinc is required for the function of many enzymes, proteins and transcription factors, including those important in myelination and mitosis. Our previous studies using the ratiometric zinc sensor chromis-1 demonstrated a reduction in intracellular free zinc concentrations in mature oligodendrocytes compared with earlier stages (Bourassa et al.

GluA1-Shank3 interaction decreases in response to chronic neuronal depolarization.

Interactions between AMPA receptors and synaptic scaffolding proteins are key regulators of synaptic receptor density and, thereby, synapse strength. Shank3 is one such scaffolding protein with high clinical relevance, as genetic variants and deletions of this protein have been linked to autism spectrum disorder. Shank3 acts as a master regulator of the postsynaptic density of glutamatergic synapses, interacting with ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors and cytoskeletal elements to modulate synaptic structure.

Defining measures of emergency care access in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Background: Over 50% of annual deaths in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) could be averted through access to high-quality emergency care.

Objectives: We performed a scoping review of the literature that described at least one measure of emergency care access in LMICs in order to understand relevant barriers to emergency care systems.

Eligibility Criteria: English language studies published between 1 January 1990 and 30 December 2020, with one or more discrete measure(s) of access to emergency health services in LMICs described.

Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Dietary Zinc Deficiency: A Status Report.

Zinc is a tightly regulated trace mineral element playing critical roles in growth, immunity, neurodevelopment, and synaptic and hormonal signaling. Although severe dietary zinc deficiency is relatively uncommon in the United States, dietary zinc deficiency is a substantial public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Zinc status may be a key determinant of neurodevelopmental processes.

Oxygen Inequity in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.

Our review of recent publications on medical oxygen availability during the COVID pandemic underscores the urgent need to prevent unnecessary morbidity and mortality resulting from inequitable access to supplemental medical oxygen therapy.

Intracellular zinc signaling influences NMDA receptor function by enhancing the interaction of ZnT1 with GluN2A.

Zinc, loaded into glutamate-containing presynaptic vesicles and released into the synapse in an activity-dependent manner, modulates neurotransmission through its actions on postsynaptic targets, prominently via high-affinity inhibition of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors. Recently, we identified a postsynaptic transport mechanism that regulates endogenous zinc inhibition of NMDARs. In this new model of zinc regulation, the postsynaptic transporter ZnT1 mediates zinc inhibition of NMDARs by binding to GluN2A.

A Global Review of Provisions on Emergency Care in National Constitutions.

National constitutions are important tools for the realization of the right to health, and constitutional law linking health and human rights has been associated with improved access to health resources. Meanwhile, emergency care is a lifesaving service delivery platform with the potential to address much of the death and disability in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Yet even where services exist, access to emergency care may be systematically limited for vulnerable populations, except where laws explicitly protect the right to emergency care.

Mapping factors associated with deaths in immigration detention in the United States, 2011-2018: A thematic analysis.

Background: Climate change, poverty, and violence increasingly drive migration to the United States. United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detain some individuals while awaiting determination of immigration status or potential deportation. Over the last two decades, more than 200 individuals died in ICE detention.

Correction: Deaths in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention: FY2018-2020.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2021006.

Characteristics of Deaths Among Individuals in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement Detention Facilities, 2011-2018.

Importance: Concerns have been raised that substandard medical care has contributed to deaths in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention facilities. After each in-custody death, ICE produces detainee death reviews, which describe the circumstances of the death and determine whether ICE Performance-Based National Detention Standards (PBNDS) were violated.

Objective: To describe factors associated with deaths in ICE detention facilities.

Deaths in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention: FY2018-2020.

Background: Many civil liberties organizations have raised concerns that substandard medical care in United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention facilities have led to preventable deaths. The 2018 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Bill required ICE to make public all reports regarding in-custody deaths within 90 days beginning in Fiscal Year (FY) 2018. Accordingly, ICE has released death reports following each in-custody death since April of 2018.

A randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of maternal dietary supplementation with pomegranate juice on brain injury in infants with IUGR.

Animal studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice. We recently reported altered white matter microstructure and functional connectivity in the infant brain following in utero pomegranate juice exposure in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This double-blind exploratory randomized controlled trial further investigates the impact of maternal pomegranate juice intake on brain structure and injury in a second cohort of IUGR pregnancies diagnosed at 24-34 weeks' gestation.