Relationship between self-stigma about alcohol dependence and severity of alcohol drinking and craving.

Background: The correlates and consequences of stigma surrounding alcohol use are complex. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is typically accompanied by self-stigma, due to numerous factors, such as shame, guilt and negative stereotypes. Few studies have empirically examined the possible association between self-stigma and alcohol-related outcomes.

The glucagon-like peptide-1 system is modulated by acute and chronic alcohol exposure: Findings from human laboratory experiments and a post-mortem brain study.

Growing evidence suggests that the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) system modulates alcohol seeking and consumption, and GLP-1 analogues may represent novel pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Accordingly, it is important to understand the potential effects of alcohol on the endogenous GLP-1 system. In a series of secondary analyses of previous human laboratory experiments, we first examined the effects of alcohol administration, with different doses and routes of administration, on peripheral active GLP-1 concentrations in heavy-drinking individuals with AUD enrolled in placebo-controlled pharmacological studies (only placebo conditions were analysed here).