The P granule antibody KT3 recognizes epitopes in both PGL-1 and PGL-3.

The KT3 antibody is a commercially available antibody that recognizes the P granule protein PGL-3 (Takeda et al., 2008). Using immunostaining and western blotting of purified peptide fragments, we show that KT3 recognizes both PGL-3 and its paralog PGL-1 , likely through a shared epitope in the intrinsically disordered region.

P-body-like condensates in the germline.

P-bodies are cytoplasmic condensates that accumulate low-translation mRNAs for temporary storage before translation or degradation. P-bodies have been best characterized in yeast and mammalian tissue culture cells. We describe here related condensates in the germline of animal models.

Specialized germline P-bodies are required to specify germ cell fate in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos.

In animals with germ plasm, specification of the germline involves 'germ granules', cytoplasmic condensates that enrich maternal transcripts in the germline founder cells. In Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, P granules enrich maternal transcripts, but surprisingly P granules are not essential for germ cell fate specification. Here, we describe a second condensate in the C.

Puromycin reactivity does not accurately localize translation at the subcellular level.

Puromycin is a tyrosyl-tRNA mimic that blocks translation by labeling and releasing elongating polypeptide chains from translating ribosomes. Puromycin has been used in molecular biology research for decades as a translation inhibitor. The development of puromycin antibodies and derivatized puromycin analogs has enabled the quantification of active translation in bulk and single-cell assays.

Author Correction: A gel phase promotes condensation of liquid P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

A gel phase promotes condensation of liquid P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos.

RNA granules are subcellular compartments that are proposed to form by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a thermodynamic process that partitions molecules between dilute liquid phases and condensed liquid phases. The mechanisms that localize liquid phases in cells, however, are not fully understood. P granules are RNA granules that form in the posterior of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos.

A Robust Transposon-Endogenizing Response from Germline Stem Cells.

The heavy occupancy of transposons in the genome implies that existing organisms have survived from multiple, independent rounds of transposon invasions. However, how and which host cell types survive the initial wave of transposon invasion remain unclear. We show that the germline stem cells can initiate a robust adaptive response that rapidly endogenizes invading P element transposons by activating the DNA damage checkpoint and piRNA production.