Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outcomes Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent C. difficile Infection.

Background: Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a clinical challenge. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a recurrent CDI therapy. Anecdotal concerns exist regarding worsening of IBD activity; however, prospective data among IBD patients are limited.

Effects of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation With Oral Capsules in Obese Patients.

Background & Aims: Studies in mice have shown that the intestinal microbiota can contribute to obesity via the anorexigenic gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) and bile acids, which affect lipid metabolism. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study of the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in obese, metabolically uncompromised patients.

Methods: We performed a double-blind study of 22 obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ≥5 kg/m) without a diagnosis of diabetes, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or metabolic syndrome.

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Pilot Clinical Trial.

Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholestatic liver disease with no effective medical therapies. A perturbation of the gut microbiota has been described in association with PSC, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been reported to restore the microbiome in other disease states. Accordingly, we aimed at evaluating the safety, change in liver enzymes, microbiota, and metabolomic profiles in patients with PSC after FMT.

Mucosal Gene Expression in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Ulcerative Colitis Permits Modeling of Ideal Biopsy Collection Strategy for Transcriptomic Analysis.

Background: Transcriptional profiling has been performed on biopsies from ulcerative colitis patients. Limitations in prior studies include the variability introduced by inflammation, anatomic site of biopsy, extent of disease, and medications. We sought to more globally understand the variability of gene expression from patients with ulcerative colitis to advance our understanding of its pathogenesis and to guide clinical study design.

Sequential Combination Therapy Versus Monotherapy: A Lack of Benefit in Time to Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Related Surgery.

Background: The benefits of combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine have been demonstrated in clinical trials of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Concerns remain regarding the ideal duration and benefits of adding therapies in a sequential manner.

Aims: We aim to compare long-term outcomes among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with sequentially added combination therapy or monotherapy strategies .