Leptin, ghrelin and high-molecular-weight adiponectin in relation to anxiety in older adults.

Background: Leptin and ghrelin have been linked to depressive symptoms in older adults. There is a large overlap between depression and anxiety in this group. It is unclear whether the same associations exist with anxiety.

Cardiovascular risk and glucocorticoids: a Dutch National Registry of growth hormone treatment in adults with growth hormone deficiency analysis.

Purpose: Patients with hypopituitarism are at increased cardiovascular risk, in part because of growth hormone deficiency (GHD), but probably also because of the overuse of glucocorticosteroids in concomitant adrenal insufficiency (AI). We hypothesized that patients with hypopituitarism that were on glucocorticosteroid replacement therapy for concomitant AI would have worse cardiovascular outcomes than those without.

Methods: Retrospective nationwide cohort study.

Lanreotide versus placebo for tumour reduction in patients with a Ga-DOTATATE PET-positive, clinically non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma (GALANT study): a randomised, multicentre, phase 3 trial with blinded outcome assessment.

Background: No established medical treatment options currently exist for patients with non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma (NFPMA). Somatostatin analogues may prevent tumour growth, but randomised controlled trials are lacking. somatostatin receptor assessment with Ga-DOTATATE PET could help in selecting patients for treatment.

Controlled Study of Pre- and Postoperative Headache in Patients with Sellar Masses (HEADs-uP Study).

Introduction: Sellar masses are common intracranial neoplasms. Their clinical manifestations vary widely and include headache. We aimed to determine whether the prevalence and characteristics of headache in patients with sellar tumours differ from the general population and to investigate the effect of tumour resection on this complaint.

Assessment of Entrustable Professional Activities Among Dutch Endocrine Supervisors.

Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) are an important tool to support individualisation of medical training in a competency-based setting and are increasingly implemented in the clinical speciality training for endocrinologist. This study aims to assess interrater agreement and factors that potentially impact EPA scores. Five known factors that affect entrustment decisions in health profesions training (capability, integrity, reliability, humility, agency) were used in this study.

Exploring the sex difference in cardiovascular risk during growth hormone therapy in adults.

Objective: Given the previously identified sex differences in cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) receiving GH replacement therapy (GHRT), our aim is to investigate sex-specific differences in the efficacy of (long-term) GHRT on CV risk profile and disease in subjects with GHD. Our hypothesis is that women will experience less beneficial effects than men.

Design: Retrospective nationwide cohort study.

Prevalence of clinical signs, symptoms and comorbidities at diagnosis of acromegaly: a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Objective: Diagnostic delay is high in acromegaly and leads to increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to systematically assess the most prevalent clinical signs, symptoms and comorbidities of acromegaly at time of diagnosis.

Design: A literature search (in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) was performed on November 18, 2021, in collaboration with a medical information specialist.

Continuing Challenges in the Definitive Diagnosis of Cushing's Disease: A Structured Review Focusing on Molecular Imaging and a Proposal for Diagnostic Work-Up.

The definitive diagnosis of Cushing's disease (CD) in the presence of pituitary microadenoma remains a continuous challenge. Novel available pituitary imaging techniques are emerging. This study aimed to provide a structured analysis of the diagnostic accuracy as well as the clinical use of molecular imaging in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS).

Sex Differences in Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of GH Replacement Therapy in GH Deficient Adults.

Context: Previous studies report that outcomes of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy (GHRT) might be less beneficial in growth hormone deficient (GHD) women compared with men.

Objective: This study investigated possible contributing factors regarding this previously found sex difference.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study, conducted at a nationwide outpatient clinic (the Dutch National Registry of GH Treatment in Adults), included Dutch adult GHD men (n = 1335) and women (n = 1251) treated with GHRT.

The effects of a moderate physical activity intervention on physical fitness and cognition in healthy elderly with low levels of physical activity: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Increasing physical activity is one of the most promising and challenging interventions to delay or prevent cognitive decline and dementia.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of a physical activity intervention, aimed at increasing step count, in elderly with low levels of physical activity on measures of strength, balance, aerobic capacity, and cognition. Participants were assigned to 9 months of exercise counseling or active control.

Diagnosing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in daily practice.

Background: In multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) have a high prevalence and represent the main cause of death. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the currently used conventional pancreatic imaging techniques and the added value of fine needle aspirations (FNAs).

Methods: Patients who had at least one imaging study were included from the population-based MEN1 database of the DutchMEN Study Group from 1990 to 2017.

Compression of the optic chiasm is associated with reduced photoentrainment of the central biological clock.

Objective: Pituitary tumours that compress the optic chiasm are associated with long-term alterations in sleep-wake rhythm. This may result from damage to intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) projecting from the retina to the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus via the optic chiasm to ensure photoentrainment (i.e.

The long-term relation between physical activity and executive function in the Rotterdam Study.

Background: Research on the association between physical inactivity and cognitive decline and dementia is dominated by studies with short-term follow-up, that might be biased by reverse causality.

Objective: Investigate the long-term association between physical activity, cognition, and the rate of age-associated cognitive decline.

Methods: We investigated the association between late-life physical activity and executive functioning and rate of decline of executive abilities during follow-up of up to 16 years, in 3553 participants of the prospective Rotterdam Study cohort.

Food-Related Brain Activation Measured by fMRI in Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome.

(1) Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by hyperphagia, resulting in morbid obesity if not controlled. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether PWS patients show altered activation of brain areas involved in hunger. As a secondary objective, we assessed whether there is an association between these brain areas and several endocrine and metabolic factors in the fasting state.

Cardiovascular risk profile in growth hormone-treated adults with craniopharyngioma compared to non-functioning pituitary adenoma: a national cohort study.

Context: Cardiovascular (CV) risk profile might differ between growth hormone-treated patients with craniopharyngioma and non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA), since patients with craniopharyngioma more frequently suffer from hypothalamic metabolic disruption.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the CV risk profile in adult patients with craniopharyngioma compared to NFPA before and after treatment with growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy due to severe GH deficiency.

Design: A sub-analysis of the Dutch National Registry of Growth Hormone Treatment in Adults was performed, in which we compared 291 patients with craniopharyngioma to 778 patients with NFPA.

Ghrelin, leptin and high-molecular-weight adiponectin in relation to depressive symptoms in older adults: Results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.

Background: Ghrelin, leptin and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin have been linked to depression in middle-aged adults. Pathophysiological mechanisms of depression change as age progresses and it is unclear whether the same associations exist in older adults.

Methods: We analyzed the associations between ghrelin, leptin and HMW adiponectin and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) score ≥ 16) in a community-dwelling cohort of 898 participants in a multivariable logistic regression analysis at baseline and after three years of follow-up, were applicable stratified by sex, age and waist-hip-ratio (WHR).

Initiating Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (pNET) Screening in Young MEN1 Patients: Results From the DutchMEN Study Group.

Context: Nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-pNETs) are highly prevalent and constitute an important cause of mortality in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Still, the optimal age to initiate screening for pNETs is under debate.

Objective: The aim of this work is to assess the age of occurrence of clinically relevant NF-pNETs in young MEN1 patients.

Titrating Growth Hormone Dose to High-Normal IGF-1 Levels Has Beneficial Effects on Body Fat Distribution and Microcirculatory Function Despite Causing Insulin Resistance.

Unlabelled: To clarify the mechanism underlying the described U-shaped relation of both low and high levels of IGF-1 with cardiovascular disease this study explores the effect of decreasing and increasing growth hormone dose in GH deficient adults on (micro)vascular function, body composition and insulin resistance. In this randomized clinical trial, thirty-two subjects receiving GH therapy with an IGF-1 concentration between -1 and 1 SD score (SDS) for at least one year were randomized to receive either a decrease (IGF-1 target level of -2 to -1 SDS) or an increase of their daily GH dose (IGF-1 target level of 1 to 2 SDS) for a period of 24 weeks. Microvascular endothelium (in)dependent vasodilatation and vasomotion, vascular stiffness by pulse wave analysis, and HOMA-IR were measured.

Psychological well-being and illness perceptions in patients with hypopituitarism.

Objective: The primary aim of the current study was to objectify a spectrum of persisting subjective psychological complaints in patients with hypopituitarism, at least six months after normalizing of the hormonal disturbances. Also, gender differences on these outcomes were investigated. The secondary aim was to identify illness perceptions and causal attributions within this patient group.

Impaired neuropsychological functioning in patients with hypopituitarism.

Background: Treatment of pituitary pathology mostly does not result in complete recovery of impairment in cognitive functioning. The primary aim of the current study was to assess cognitive impairment in patients with stable replacement therapy for hypopituitarism during the last 6 months prior to inclusion. It was expected that patients showed subjective and objective subnormal scores on neuropsychological functioning.

Cerebral effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor blockade before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in obese women: A proof-of-concept resting-state functional MRI study.

Aim: To assess the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB)-related changes in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on cerebral resting-state functioning in obese women.

Materials And Methods: In nine obese females aged 40-54 years in the fasted state, we studied the effects of RYGB and GLP-1 on five a priori selected networks implicated in food- and reward-related processes as well as environment monitoring (default mode, right frontoparietal, basal ganglia, insula/anterior cingulate and anterior cingulate/orbitofrontal networks).

Results: Before surgery, GLP-1 receptor blockade (using exendin9-39) was associated with increased right caudate nucleus (basal ganglia network) and decreased right middle frontal (right frontoparietal network) connectivity compared with placebo.

The GALANT trial: study protocol of a randomised placebo-controlled trial in patients with a -DOTATATE PET-positive, clinically non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma on the effect of reotide on umour size.

Introduction: At present, there is no approved medical treatment option for patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma. A number of open-label studies suggest that treatment with somatostatin analogues may prevent tumour progression. In vivo somatostatin receptor imaging using Ga-DOTATATE PET (PET, positron emission tomography) could help in preselecting patients potentially responsive to treatment.

The Association Between High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin, Ghrelin and Leptin and Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Results From Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.

Background: Age-related cognitive decline has large-scale functional and economic consequences and understanding its' pathophysiological mechanisms is therefore essential. Previous research has suggested associations between hormones adiponectin, ghrelin and leptin and neurodegenerative disease. However, their association with age-related cognitive decline has not been fully described.